Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40444502›Full record

ArticleCancer medicine2025

Incidence, Risk and Trends of Multiple Primary Cancers in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: Evidence From the South Australian Cancer Registry.

Mulugeta Melku, Oliver G Best, Jean M Winter, Lauren A Thurgood, Muktar Ahmed, Ganessan Kichenadasse, Murthy Mittinty, Molla M Wassie, Erin L Symonds

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Mulugeta MelkuFlinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3383-9377
Oliver G BestFlinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2685-3880
Jean M WinterFlinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2041-8602
Lauren A ThurgoodFlinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6183-2797
Muktar AhmedFlinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9524-7027
Ganessan KichenadasseFlinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9923-5149
Murthy MittintyFlinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8778-9793
Molla M WassieFlinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3565-2397
Erin L SymondsFlinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2451-0358

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most diagnosed cancer in Australia. With advancements in treatment and an increase in survival rates, CRC survivors face an elevated risk of developing multiple primary cancers (MPCs), presenting a clinical challenge. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the incidence, trend and risk of MPCs after a diagnosis of CRC in the South Australian population.

methodsThis study analysed South Australian Cancer Registry data on individuals diagnosed with CRC as their first cancer from 1982 to 2017. The incidence of MPCs was assessed using cumulative incidence functions, and age-standardised rates were estimated. Poisson regression was used to determine the risk, and standardised incidence ratios (SIR) and absolute excess risks (AER) were estimated. Trends over time were analysed using Joinpoint regression.

resultsThe study included 26,729 CRC survivors. Of the cohort, 15% (3917) developed 4453 MPCs, with 96% diagnosed six or more months after index CRC. The cumulative incidence of MPCs was 22.5% (95% CI: 21.6-23.4). The median follow-up time until MPC diagnosis was 6.4 years. Common MPCs included prostate (18.9%), subsequent CRC (13.1%), lung (10.8%), haematological (10.2%) and breast (8.0%) cancers. The overall risk of MPCs was higher in CRC survivors (SIR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.09-1.16; AER: 22.6 per 10,000) compared to the incidence in the general South Australian population. The incidence of MPCs has increased over time (annual percentage change = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.33-2.51).

conclusionsCRC survivors are at increased risk of subsequent cancers, highlighting the need for targeted surveillance, particularly for prostate, lung, breast and blood cancers, for early detection and treatment.

Indexed as

Colorectal NeoplasmsNeoplasms, Multiple PrimaryAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedRegistriesRisk FactorsSouth Australiacolorectal cancer survivorsincidencemultiple primary cancerrisktrend

Identifiers

PMID40444502
PMCPMC12123453

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.