ArticleCureus2025
Applicability of Moorrees, Fanning, and Hunt Method for Age Estimation in Gandhinagar, India: An Orthopantomogram (OPG)-Based Retrospective Study.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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- Retraction · 2025-05-29Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions · Copyright Claims · Lack of Approval from Third Party · Objections by Author(s) ·
- Retracted
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Abstract
backgroundAge estimation is crucial for human identification in forensic investigations and humanitarian efforts. Tooth development provides one of the most accurate ways to determine age, showing remarkable consistency regardless of external conditions. The Moorrees, Fanning, and Hunt (MFH) technique assesses dental growth by examining the formation of crowns, roots, and apex completion. This method has proven reliable through numerous studies spanning different ethnic and geographic groups. Its systematic approach and scientific foundation make it an invaluable tool in modern forensic odontology, enhancing the accuracy of age estimation practices.
aimThe study aims to evaluate the applicability of the MFH methods to estimate dental age and to compare it with the chronological age of the children in the population of Gandhinagar in the state of Gujarat, India. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study was carried out to assess the dental age of the patients visiting the Karnavati School of Dentistry, Gandhinagar, for dental check-ups. Panoramic radiographs were obtained from the archives of the database that have been taken from January 2020 till August 2023 for study purposes and were examined to fit into inclusion criteria. The sample included 388 orthopantomograms (OPGs) of children aged two to 12 years. Each child's tooth was assessed based on developmental stages outlined in the MFH method. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 27 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Simple linear regression was used to formulate a regression model to determine the correlation between chronological age and dental age.
resultsThe MFH method consistently underestimated dental age (DA) compared to chronological age (CA) across both genders. Analysis of 388 subjects showed male individuals (n = 233) had a mean DA of 6.822 years versus CA of 7.559 years (underestimation: 0.74 years, p<0.001), while female individuals (n = 155) had a mean DA of 6.337 years versus CA of 7.049 years (underestimation: 0.71 years, p = 0.011). Both genders showed strong positive correlations (male individuals: ρ = 0.974, female individuals: ρ = 0.980) and linear relationships (male slope (b) = 1.026, female slope (b) = 1.029) with chronological age, where female participants demonstrated slightly earlier dental maturation patterns.
conclusionThe MFH method consistently underestimates dental age when compared to chronological age, indicating that it may lack accuracy in dental age assessment in the Gandhinagar population.
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