Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40443678›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025

Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

Da Pan, Xinyue Li, Xiao Qiao, Qiqi Wang

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  3. Pan-cancer characterization ofTranslational cancer research · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Da PanDepartment of Gastroenterology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China.
Xinyue LiFirst College for Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, Xuzhou, China.
Xiao QiaoDepartment of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, China.
Qiqi WangDepartment of Gastroenterology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. Conventional interventions including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy provide only modest survival benefits, underscoring an urgent need for more effective therapies. Although immunotherapy has revolutionized the management of several solid tumors, its clinical benefit in pancreatic cancer has so far been disappointing. Mounting evidence indicates that a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), dominated by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs), drives immune evasion, tumor progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance through complex cytokine and chemokine networks. This review summarizes current knowledge of these immunosuppressive mechanisms and provides emerging strategies aimed at re-educating or depleting these cellular constituents to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer.

Indexed as

Pancreatic NeoplasmsTumor EscapeTumor MicroenvironmentAnimalsHumansImmunotherapyMyeloid-Derived Suppressor CellsT-Lymphocytes, RegulatoryTumor-Associated Macrophagesimmune suppressionpancreatic cancerPD-1regulatory T cellstumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID40443678
PMCPMC12119487

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.