Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40443668›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025

Unraveling the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioblastoma and advancements in treatment.

Dongxin Jiang, Yunqian Li

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Dongxin JiangDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Yunqian LiDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, remains a significant challenge in oncology due to its immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). This review summarizes the complex interplay of immune cells and cytokines within the TME, which contribute to immune evasion and tumor progression. We further emphasize the synergistic crosstalk among these components and how it shapes therapeutic vulnerability. Besides, we highlight recent advancements in immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, NK cell therapy, oncolytic viruses, and vaccine-based strategies. Despite promising preclinical and clinical results, overcoming the immunosuppressive TME remains a critical hurdle. This review underscores the potential of targeting the TME to enhance therapeutic outcomes in glioblastoma.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsGlioblastomaTumor MicroenvironmentAnimalsHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmunotherapyTumor EscapeImmune Checkpoint Inhibitorscytokinesglioblastomaimmune checkpoint inhibitorimmune microenvironmentimmunotherapytumor vaccine

Identifiers

PMID40443668
PMCPMC12119497

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.