Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40443538›Full record

ReviewThe Lancet regional health. Western Pacific2025

Immunotherapy and its racial specificity for breast cancer treatment in Asia: a narrative review.

Rui-Chen Xu, Yan-Wu Zhang, Cui-Cui Liu, Ying-Ying Xu, Zhi-Ming Shao, Ke-Da Yu

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Trial
  3. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Rui-Chen XuDepartment of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
Yan-Wu ZhangDepartment of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, PR China.
Cui-Cui LiuDepartment of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
Ying-Ying XuDepartment of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, PR China.
Zhi-Ming ShaoDepartment of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
Ke-Da YuDepartment of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, cancer vaccines, and other modalities, represents a significant advancement in cancer treatment. Breast cancer, traditionally considered less amenable to immunotherapy, has demonstrated responsiveness to immunotherapy when combined with conventional treatment options. These integrative strategies enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy, bringing hope to patients. Furthermore, precision therapies guided by predictive biomarkers refine the scope of breast cancer immunotherapy and broaden its advantages. Notably, it is essential to recognise the differences in breast cancer epidemiology, clinical outcomes, and molecular signatures between Asian populations and those in Europe and North America. These include a higher proportion of premenopausal patients and variation in subtype distribution and gene mutation profiles, underscoring the importance of considering racial specificity in immunotherapy. Clinical efforts in Asia, supported by ethnicity-specific studies, indigenous immunotherapeutic agents, and precision medicine informed by predictive biomarkers, provide tailored treatment options. This review aims to present an overview of breast cancer immunotherapy while address the racial specificity to inform its application for Asian patients.

Indexed as

Breast cancerImmune checkpoint inhibitorsImmunotherapyRacial specificityTriple-negative breast cancer

Identifiers

PMID40443538
PMCPMC12121431

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.