ArticleInternational journal of mental health and addiction2025
Association Between Legal Access to Medical Cannabis and Frequency of Non-Medical Prescription Opioid Use Among U.S. Adults.
Article in International journal of mental health and addiction, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association between state cannabis laws and opioid outcomes: A systematic review.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Pooled it
- The relationship of medical and recreational cannabis laws with opioid misuse and opioid use disorder in the USA: Does it depend on prior history of cannabis use?The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The impact of state-level medical cannabis laws (MCL) on individual-level opioid outcomes is inconclusive. We analyzed representative samples of U.S. adults ≥21 years reporting past-year non-medical prescription opioid (NMPO) use in the 2004-2014 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health. Multi-level mixed effects models estimated associations of state-level MCL with individual-level NMPO use frequency, categorized as occasional (1-12 days), regular (13-52 days), or frequent (53-365 days). Further analyses stratified by past-year cannabis use and disorder (no use, use only, DSM-IV cannabis use disorder). MCL was associated with increases in occasional use (2.1 percentage points, 95% CI: 0.5, 3.8) alongside reductions in regular (-0.6 percentage points, 95% CI: -1.1, -0.1) and frequent use (-1.5 percentage points, 95% CI: -2.7, -0.4). In stratified analyses, significant changes were observed only for adults with cannabis use disorder, including increases in occasional use (5.6 percentage points, 95% CI: 1.5, 9.6) and decreases in frequent use (-4.9 percentage points, 95% CI: -8.1, -1.8). The association of MCL with lower frequency of NMPO use was driven by individuals with cannabis use disorder, highlighting the importance of identifying tradeoffs of cannabis legalization as an intervention to reduce opioid-related harms.
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Registered trials
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