Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40443262›Full record

ArticleContact dermatitis2025

Trends in Contact Allergy to Preservatives From 2014 to 2023: Benzisothiazolinone on the Rise.

Rebekka Søgaard, Christoffer Kursawe Larsen, Jeanne Duus Johansen, Jakob Ferløv Baselius Schwensen

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Contact dermatitis, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Observational
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Observational
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  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Rebekka SøgaardThe National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Allergy, Dermatology and Venerology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7749-0383
Christoffer Kursawe LarsenThe National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Allergy, Dermatology and Venerology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2989-9198
Jeanne Duus JohansenThe National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Allergy, Dermatology and Venerology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3537-8463
Jakob Ferløv Baselius SchwensenThe National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Allergy, Dermatology and Venerology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9756-656X

Funding

Danish Environmental Protection AgencyThe Danish Ministry of Environment and Gender Equality
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSkin sensitising preservatives are commonly used in consumer and industrial products. The widespread use of preservatives has led to recurrent epidemics of contact allergy.

objectivesTo investigate temporal trends of contact allergy to preservatives from 2014 to 2023. MATERIALS AND

methodsPatients consecutively patch tested with preservatives from the European baseline series and the supplementary baseline series at Gentofte hospital from 2014 to 2023 were included.

resultsThe study population included 6435 patients. Contact allergy to benzisothiazolinone (BIT) increased significantly from ≤ 0.3% in 2014 to 5.0% in 2023. Painters and machine operators, and assemblers were most often sensitised to BIT, and detergents and paints were the most common exposures to BIT. Contact allergy to methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) decreased significantly from 3.3% in 2014 to 2.2% in 2023. Likewise, contact allergy to MI declined significantly from 3.9% in 2014 to 2.5% in 2023. Stable trends were found for the overall prevalence of contact allergy to preservatives from 9.0% in 2014 to 10.2% in 2023.

conclusionsRegulatory restrictions on the use of MI and MCI/MI in cosmetic products have led to a decrease in contact allergy. However, the rise in contact allergy to BIT underscores the need for ongoing monitoring and preventive measures.

Indexed as

Dermatitis, Allergic ContactDermatitis, OccupationalPreservatives, PharmaceuticalThiazolesAdultAgedCosmeticsDetergentsEuropeFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPatch TestsPrevalence1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-oneCosmeticsDetergentsPreservatives, PharmaceuticalThiazolesbenzisothiazolinonebiocidecontact allergyisothiazolinonemethylisothiazolinoneMOAHLFApreservative

Identifiers

PMID40443262
PMCPMC12318914

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.