SynthesisBMC public health2025
The efficacy of PRECEDE-PROCEED model-based interventions on HbA1c and self-management in type 2 diabetes patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The effectiveness of self-care interventions in working-age adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- A pioneering health education strategy based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model for women's health challenges: a systematic review and logic framework.BMC women's health · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of health education intervention based on the precede-proceed model on patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: A single-center retrospective matched-cohort study.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundType 2 diabetes is a global public health challenge characterized by high prevalence and poor self-management outcomes. The PRECEDE-PROCEED model is a well-known conceptual widely used to promote health in chronic diseases. This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of interventions based on PRECEDE-PROCEED model in reducing Glycated Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and enhancing self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes.
methodsNine online databases-PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, CNKI, and WANFANG-were searched from inception to June 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies (QESs) were identified using keywords related to the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, type 2 diabetes, and self-management. Review Manager 5.4 was used for meta-analysis and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated for standardized mean differences (SMDs) or weighted mean differences (WMDs).
resultsFourteen studies (11 RCTs and 3 QESs) involving 2,478 patients met the eligibility criteria. Interventions significantly reduced HbA1c, with progressive improvements over time: WMD = -0.41 (95% CI: -0.58 to -0.24) at 1 month, -0.50 (95% CI: -0.67 to -0.33) at 3 months, and -0.63 (95% CI: -0.93 to -0.33) at 6 months. Significant improvements were also observed in total self-management scores (SMD = 2.53; 95% CI: 1.14to 3.91) and in key PRECEDE-PROCEED model variables, including knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, reinforcing, and enabling factors, though high heterogeneity was noted.
conclusionsThe PRECEDE-PROCEED model is an effective framework for reducing HbA1c and enhancing self-management among patients with type 2 diabetes. Future research should focus on standardizing intervention protocols and developing unified outcome measures to improve reproducibility and cross-study comparability.
trial registrationThe PROSPERO registration ID is CRD42024600814.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.