ArticleBMC public health2025
Global, regional, and national burden of opioid use disorder from 1990 to 2021: a statistical analysis of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparative efficacy of naltrexone-accelerated versus sublingual buprenorphine in opioid withdrawal management and initiating injectable naltrexone treatment: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Trends of Opioids and Nefopam Use Among French Children: A Population-Based Study From 2009 to 2023.Clinical drug investigation · 2026Article
- Global burden and inequalities of drug use disorders from 1990 to 2021 with projections to 2036.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Harmful Effects of Prescribed Opioids in Children and Adults: A Systematic Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Global and regional burdens of opioid use disorder from 1990 to 2021, with future forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Trend analysis and future projections of global burden of opioid use disorder (OUD) from 1990 to 2030.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Global burden of aortic aneurysm attributable to high-sodium diet from 1990 to 2021.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundOpioid use disorder (OUD) present significant health challenges globally, especially among adolescents and young adults. This study leverages the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021 to assess the burden of OUD from 1990 to 2021.
methodsThe incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of OUD from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the GBD Study 2021 website. The slope index of inequality (SII) and concentration index of inequality (CII) were used to quantify the inequality of OUD burden across countries. We employed frontier analysis to quantify the gap between a country's or territory's current burden and its potential minimum burden.
resultsGlobally, in 2021, the number of new cases, deaths, and the DALYs of OUD were 1942.52 thousand [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 1643.34, 2328.36], 99.55 thousand (95% UI: 92.94, 108.04), and 11,218.51 thousand (95% UI: 9188.65, 13,159.55), respectively. The age-standardized rates (ASRs) of incidence, mortality, and DALYs of OUD were 24.54 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 20.74, 29.48), 1.19 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 1.12, 1.29), and 137.15 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 112.29, 161.39), respectively. At the regional level, high-income North America had the most severe burden of OUD. The peak OUD incidence occurred in both males and females aged 20-24 years, and the peak OUD-related mortality occurred in males aged 30-44 years and females aged 30-59 years. Countries with higher SDIs have a heavier burden of OUD, and this trend continues to intensify. Countries with higher SDIs often have greater potential to reduce the burden of OUD. CONCLUSIONQ: OUD remains an important contributor to the burden of disease and is concentrated mainly among young people, emphasizing the urgency of addressing this public health challenge.
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