ArticleApplied microbiology and biotechnology2025
Phage/nanoparticle cocktails for a biocompatible and environmentally friendly antibacterial therapy.
Article in Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Are Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Obtained by 'Green' Synthesis Biocompatible?Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Transcriptome Profiling ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Ultrasound-activated MoS₂@Fe₃O₄ nanoplatform orchestrates biofilm disruption and immune reprogramming in implant-associated infections.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Phage enabled precision drug delivery: dual function platforms for therapeutics and genetic cargo transport.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Searching for the perfect match: can non-antibiotic antimicrobials improve bacteriophage performance?Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Engineered Phage-Guided Nanotherapeutic Systems for Precision Antibacterial Therapy: Hacking Bacterial Resistance Mechanisms.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance continues to rise, necessitating alternative strategies. Bacteriophages have emerged as promising natural antibacterial agents, offering a targeted approach to combating bacterial infections. Combining bacteriophages with nanoparticles presents a novel approach that could enhance antibacterial potency while reducing the risk of resistance. While phage/antibiotic cocktails are widely explored to enhance antibacterial efficacy and prevent resistance, research on phage/nanoparticle combinations remains limited. We explore the synergy between green tea extract-capped silver nanoparticles (G-TeaNPs) and bacteriophages in combating pathogenic bacteria (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica). G-TeaNPs show minimal antiphage activity, ensuring compatibility in phage-NP formulations. These combinations significantly reduce bacterial counts in a short time (only 3 h), e.g., S. aureus survival is around 30% after incubation with just 0.001 mg/mL of G-TeaNPs, while G-TeaNPs and phages alone result in around 80% and 70% survival, respectively. Cytotoxicity tests against eukaryotic 3T3 NIH fibroblast cells confirm biocompatibility at effective concentrations. Additionally, we examine G-TeaNPs' impact on the free-living protist Acanthamoeba castellanii. Both green tea extract and G-TeaNPs can reduce A. castellanii cell counts by 80%, but only at high concentrations. Microscopy revealed nanoparticle uptake by amoebae, causing intracellular accumulation and vacuolization, while green tea extract induced similar changes without uptake. Our findings highlight G-TeaNPs as safe, effective agents in phage/nanoparticle antibacterial formulations with dual antimicrobial and amoebicidal properties for therapeutic and environmental applications. KEYPOINTS: • Silver nanoparticles synthesized with tea extracts (G-TeaNPs) have a minimal effect on the tested viruses. • Combining G-TeaNP with bacteriophages offers new-generation antibacterial cocktails. • Green tea extracts and AgNPs present concentration-dependent anti-amoebic activity.
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