ArticleScientific reports2025
Lower water-soluble vitamins and higher homocysteine are associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Chasing the FoxO in Metabolic Disorders: Novel Considerations for Oxidative Stress, Programmed Cell Death, Wnt, and the Gut Microbiome.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Methionine, Homocysteine, and Methylation Levels Predict Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Osteoarthritis and dementia: contrasting disorders driven by mutual pathways of autophagy, mTOR, GLP-1, AMPK, Wnt, and WISP1.Expert review of clinical pharmacology · 2026Review
- Role of Folate Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Insight from Experimental and Clinical Studies.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Quantification of water-soluble vitamin profiles in human plasma via automated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Running out the clock: Circadian rhythm dysfunction in cognitive disease.International review of neurobiology · 2026Review
- Association of MTHFR C677T and A1298C Polymorphisms in Metabolic Alterations, Neuroimaging, and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease: Case-Control and Bioinformatics Insights.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Anxiety and Depression: Triggers for Cognitive Loss, Alzheimer's Disease, and Neurodegeneration.Current neurovascular research · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Evidence of the effects of water-soluble vitamins (e.g., B vitamins, vitamin C, and total folate) on cognitive function in patients with neurodegenerative diseases is mixed. Furthermore, the relationships among homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism, water-soluble vitamins, and cognitive impairment remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of the levels of water-soluble vitamins [e.g., vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5mTHF), B12, and C and total folate] and Hcy in dementia progression in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. In this retrospective cohort study, we enrolled 280 healthy controls and 646 patients with a neurodegenerative disease. Patients were classified into a Parkinson's disease (PD) group (n = 312), Alzheimer's disease (AD) group (n = 219), or other dementia group (n = 115) according to pathological features. The other dementia group comprised 25 patients with frontotemporal dementia, 38 with Lewy body dementia, 34 with vascular dementia, and 18 with semantic dementia. Serum vitamins (i.e., B1, B2, B3, B5, VB6, 5mTHF, and C) were measured via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Total Hcy, vitamin B12 and total folate levels were measured using commercial electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. The serum levels of vitamins B1, B2, B5, B6, 5mTHF, and C were lower in all patient groups than in the control group. The logistic regression results revealed that lower levels of serum vitamins B2, B6, 5mTHF, and B12 were associated with a higher risk of dementia in PD patients, and higher Hcy levels and lower serum vitamin B6 and 5mTHF levels were associated with a higher risk of AD-related cognitive impairment. In addition, the level of vitamins was positively correlated with neuropsychological assessment scores and negatively correlated with Hcy level and stage of dementia. The levels of several water-soluble vitamins are lower in dementia patients. Moreover, lower levels of water-soluble vitamins and higher levels of Hcy increased odds ratios for having neurodegenerative diseases or cognitive impairment. These findings suggest that estimating water-soluble vitamin levels in older adults may be valuable given that they may help improve cognitive function.
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