ArticleThe Lancet. Public health2025
The epidemiology and burden of ten mental disorders in countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 1990-2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
Article in The Lancet. Public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Interventions to Reduce Mental Health Stigma Among Health Care Professionals in Primary Health Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Neurobiological insights into the effects of ultra-processed food on lipid metabolism and associated mental health conditions: a scoping review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Before it is too late: primary school students and their mental health challenges in Southern Thailand.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Causes of death across the life course in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.The Lancet. Public health · 2026Article
- Periodontal Disease and Edentulism Trends in Older Women of China and Association of Southeast Asian Nations, 1990 to 2033.International dental journal · 2026Article
- Global epidemiological patterns and disease burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-associated liver disease, and alcohol-associated liver disease.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2026Review
- Plasma Metabolomic and Proteomic Profiling of the Mechanisms Underlying the Cumulative Impact of Co-occurring Psychiatric Disorders on Atopic Dermatitis.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2026Article
- National and subnational burden of mental disorders in China, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Article
- Mental health multimorbidity and physical conditions in children aged 6-17 years in the United States.General psychiatry · 2026Article
- Joint association of frailty and social isolation with depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older Chinese adults: a nationwide cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Smartphone-based digital phenotyping for detection of high-risk depression and anxiety in Korean community settings.Internet interventions · 2026Article
- Depression meets obesity: Co-occurrence patterns, temporal trends and socioeconomic correlates across 199 countries and territories.General psychiatry · 2026Article
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- Decreased serum IGFBP-7 level is associated with cognitive impairment in first-episode drug-naïve adolescent-onset schizophrenia.Annals of general psychiatry · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of schizophrenia: epidemiological trends, decomposition, joinpoint analysis, and projections to 2036 based on GBD 2021.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence, autism care, and health equity: a public health narrative review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Mental health within ESG frameworks: a narrative and descriptive cross-national analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Late-life depression and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in an Asian population: the Singapore Chinese Health Study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Assessment and outcome of the management of hyperthyroidism in Malaysian primary care clinics: A national multicentre study.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Associations of adverse childhood experiences with mental health and behaviors among adolescents.BMC public health · 2025Article
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Abstract
backgroundThe Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), a geopolitical and economic network of ten member states, recognises mental disorders as a health priority; however, sparse epidemiological data hinder the development of effective strategies to reduce their prevalence and burden. We aimed to examine the prevalence, morbidity, and disease burden associated with ten mental disorders from 1990 to 2021 in the ASEAN.
methodsAs part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD 2021), we analysed estimates for depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorders, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, conduct disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), eating disorders, idiopathic developmental intellectual disability, and other mental disorders in ten ASEAN member states (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam). Case definitions were based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders or ICD criteria. Prevalence estimates by age, sex, year, and location were derived using DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool. Disease burden was quantified by estimating years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Estimates are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).
findingsIn 2021, 80·4 million (95% UI 73·8-87·2) cases of mental disorders were reported across ASEAN countries, representing a 70·0% (63·5-77·2) increase since 1990. The age-standardised prevalence of mental disorders was 11·9% (10·9-12·9) in 2021, ranging from 10·1% (9·1-11·3) in Viet Nam to 13·2% (11·6-15·3) in Malaysia, with anxiety and depressive disorders being the most common. The age-standardised prevalence of mental disorders increased by 6·5% (3·7-9·8) between 1990 and 2021. Mental disorders accounted for 11·2 million (8·5-14·3) DALYs in 2021, representing an 87·4% (81·1-94·0) increase since 1990. The 10-14 years age group had the highest disease burden attributable to mental disorders, which accounted for 16·3% (12·7-20·5) of total DALYs in this age group. The largest relative increases in the number of cases of mental disorders between 1990 and 2021 were seen in older adults (182·8% [174·9-192·1] among those aged ≥70 years), despite small relative changes in prevalence in these age groups.
interpretationThe increase in mental disorder prevalence and burden found in this study might partly reflect recent improvements in detection. However, mental disorders now rank among the top ten causes of disease burden in all ASEAN countries except Myanmar, underscoring the urgent need for a comprehensive intersectoral approach to address prevention and treatment gaps across entire populations.
fundingGates Foundation.
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