ArticleBMJ open diabetes research & care2025
Differences in fat distribution between metabolically unhealthy people with normal weight versus obesity, NHANES 2011-2018.
Article in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Dose-response relationship between physical activity and visceral fat mass: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2011-2018.BMC public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionMetabolic abnormalities are present in 15-25% of adults with body mass index (BMI)<25 kg/m RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2011-2018) that included dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Metabolic dysfunction was defined as the presence of ≥2 components of the metabolic syndrome, excluding obesity. The differences in body fat distribution between unhealthy and healthy individuals were studied with an interaction term to evaluate whether the effect of BMI differs by the metabolic health status.
resultsWe found that both MUL and MUO groups had increased android to gynoid fat ratio as compared with metabolically healthy groups with normal or lean weight (MHL) and metabolically healthy with obesity (MHO), respectively. Total fat and android fat were higher in MUL as compared with MHL individuals, in men as well as in women. Gynoid fat was higher in MUL men but not in women. However, MUO individuals had similar total fat but lower gynoid fat as compared with MHO individuals, in men as well as in women. Android fat was significantly higher in the male MUO group but not in the female MUO group.
conclusionsThe study shows increased android fat as the main abnormality in MUL individuals and decreased gynoid fat as the main abnormality in MUO individuals. The differences in android and gynoid fat patterns between MUL and MUO groups suggest different mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction in people who are lean versus those with obesity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.