Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40440739›Full record

ArticleSocial science & medicine (1982)2025

Investigating the role of chronic stress and perceived discrimination in racial disparities in incident dementia among U.S. older adults.

Mina Habib, Nicola Churchill, Roch A Nianogo

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Article in Social science & medicine (1982), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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1citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Mina HabibDepartment of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 650 Charles E Young Dr. S, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. Electronic address: mhhabib@g.ucla.edu.
Nicola ChurchillDepartment of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 650 Charles E Young Dr. S, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. Electronic address: nchurch22@g.ucla.edu.
Roch A NianogoDepartment of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 650 Charles E Young Dr. S, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; California Center for Population Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: niaroch@ucla.edu.

Funding

Biomedical Data Science Training Program for Precision Health EquityT15LM013976 · NLM · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ALEX BUI · 2022 to 2026
$1.9M
NLM NIH HHS T15 LM013976
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGiven notable disparities between White and Black Americans, identifying factors contributing to racial differences in dementia incidence is essential. This study i) investigates the extent to which adulthood chronic stress or perceived discrimination could explain these disparities and ii) estimates the potential reduction in Black-White disparity in dementia risk if racial differences in these factors were eliminated.

methodsWe utilized data from 5602 participants (4913 White, 689 Black) from the Health and Retirement Study-a longitudinal, nationally representative study of Americans over the age of 50 and causal mediation analysis via the parametric g-formula to estimate effects. Missingness and loss to follow-up was addressed using doubly-robust multiple imputation with inverse probability of censoring weights. Incident dementia was identified using the validated Langa-Weir Classification. Perceived discrimination was measured using the Everyday Discrimination Scale.

resultsBlack individuals had a higher risk of dementia compared to White individuals (RR: 2.21 [95 % CI: 1.69, 2.74]). Neither chronic stress (ER

conclusionsDifferences in chronic stress and perceived discrimination explain about a quarter of the observed Black-White disparities in dementia risk. The presence of interaction suggests that interventions efforts aiming to reduce these disparities should be primarily target Black individuals who have higher levels of chronic stress and perceived discrimination. Further research should seek to comprehensively identify additional mechanisms and interactions contributing to these disparities.

Indexed as

DementiaHealth Status DisparitiesRacismStress, PsychologicalAgedAged, 80 and overBlack or African AmericanFemaleHumansIncidenceLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedUnited StatesWhiteCausal mediation analysisDementiaDiscriminationDisparitiesHealth and retirement study (HRS)InteractionProportion eliminatedStressUnited States

Identifiers

PMID40440739
PMCPMC13225877

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.