Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40440170›Full record

ReviewCell reports2025

Future threats: Animal orthoflaviviruses that currently infect fewer than 100 people per year.

Emma R Worden-Sapper, Paul Gendler, Rachel E Lange, Jens H Kuhn, Sara L Sawyer

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cell reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Emma R Worden-SapperDepartment of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, 1945 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
Paul GendlerDepartment of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, 1945 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
Rachel E LangeThe Arbovirus Laboratory, New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, 5668 State Farm Rd, Slingerlands, NY 12159, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
Jens H KuhnIntegrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. Electronic address: kuhnjens@mail.nih.gov.
Sara L SawyerDepartment of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, 1945 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80303, USA. Electronic address: ssawyer@colorado.edu.

Funding

Breaking the Barrier to an HIV VaccineDP1AI175471 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI Sara Sawyer · 2022 to 2026
$5.5M
Hunting the HIV-1 UnicornDP1DA046108 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI SAWYER, SARA · 2018 to 2022
$4.5M
Characterizing Host-Virus Interactions in a New HIV Model OrganismR01OD034046 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI Sara Sawyer · 2022 to 2026
$3.6M
Host genetic barriers to virus spilloverR01AI137011 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI SAWYER, SARA · 2018 to 2022
$2.1M
NIAID NIH HHS DP1 AI175471NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI137011NIDA NIH HHS DP1 DA046108NIH HHS R01 OD034046
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

After long periods of evolution, several orthoflaviviruses, including dengue, Japanese encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, West Nile, yellow fever, and Zika viruses, have emerged from nature to infect humans in high numbers. It should be worrisome that there are other orthoflaviviruses now undergoing the same emergence steps, with potential for the same type of outcome as the viruses above. In this review, we document 25 orthoflaviviruses currently infecting fewer than 100 people per year and another 12 for which serological data suggest human exposure, though infection has not been confirmed. The viruses highlighted here have a non-trivial chance of causing human epidemics or pandemics. However, very little is known about the biology of these neglected viruses, and medical countermeasures are lacking for most. Now, before these viruses spill over into the human population, is the time to study the biology of these viruses and to develop or improve PCR- and serology-based diagnostics to enable better monitoring.

Indexed as

FlaviviridaeAnimalsHumansarbovirusesCP: Microbiologydifferential diagnosisemerging virusesfevers of unknown originflavivirusesinfectious disease

Identifiers

PMID40440170
PMCPMC13322105

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.