Trial reportGeroScience2026
A tongue resistance training program improves strength, endurance, and swallowing in frail older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in GeroScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06766487 (Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAge-associated decline in swallowing and tongue function is associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and frailty. However, evidence regarding effectiveness of tongue resistance exercises in frail older adults with MCI is limited with methodological variations and lack of follow-up.
objectiveTo determine the effectiveness of a tongue resistance training program (TRTP) in improving tongue strength (anterior tongue strength [ATS] and posterior tongue strength [PTS]), tongue endurance (anterior tongue endurance [ATE] and posterior tongue endurance [PTE]), and swallowing pressure (saliva swallowing pressure [SSP] and effortful swallowing pressure [ESP]) in frail older adults with MCI.
methodsA prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial design. Participants were randomly assigned to TRTP (n = 23) or cheek-bulging exercises (n = 23). Generalized estimating equation model involving intention-to-treat approach was used for data analysis.
resultsA total of 46 frail older adults with MCI were recruited (women: 80.0%; mean age: 75.7 ± 6.7 years). TRTP significantly improved ATS (β = 6.4; p = 0.016, 95%CI = 1.2-11.5), SSP (β = 12.5; p < 0.001, 95%CI = 9.2-15.9), and ESP (β = 14.2; p < 0.001, 95%CI = 9.3-19.0) at immediate posttest. However, no significant improvements were observed for PTS (β = 4.0; p = 0.231, 95%CI = - 2.6-10.6), ATE (β = - 4.5; p = 0.173, 95%CI = - 10.9-2.0), and PTE (β = 2.4; p = 0.489, 95%CI = - 4.5-9.4). At 12-week follow-up, sustained improvements were observed for SSP (β = 6.1; p < 0.001, 95%CI = 2.6-9.7) and ESP (β = 7.9; p < 0.001, 95%CI = 3.9-11.9). No significant short-term effects on ATS, PTS, ATE, and PTE (p > 0.05).
conclusionTRTP effectively improved ATS, SSP, and ESP in frail older adults with MCI. Future research should integrate progressive resistance exercises sustained isometric and isokinetic exercises, and task-specific training. Trial Registration Clincialtrials.gov: NCT06766487(2024.12.02).
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