ArticleIntegrative and comparative biology2025
Matryoshka Dolls of Virus Evolution: The Internal Forces That Shape Viral Fate.
Article in Integrative and comparative biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Coevolutionary dynamics of viruses and their defective interfering particles.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Coevolutionary dynamics of viruses and their defective interfering particles.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
Viral evolution unfolds across nested layers of adaptation, much like a set of Matryoshka dolls. The outermost, well-studied layer involves interactions between viruses and their hosts-where immune evasion, cross-species transmission, and long-term coevolution drive viral diversification. Yet, hidden within this framework is an often-overlooked inner layer: the coevolution of viruses with their own molecular parasites, defective interfering (DI) particles, and defective viral genomes (DVGs). These molecular parasites exploit viral replication machinery, reshaping infection dynamics and imposing selective pressures that influence viral fitness, transmission, and persistence. This perspective synthesizes evidence from experimental evolution, mathematical modeling, and molecular virology to propose a more integrated view of viral evolution. By framing host-virus interactions and virus-DI particle dynamics within a unified evolutionary framework, we highlight the underappreciated role of DI particles as evolutionary players, not just aberrant byproducts. Recognizing these internal layers of viral evolution may inform the development of antiviral strategies and broader questions in host-pathogen coevolution.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.