Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40439763›Full record

ArticleArchives of microbiology2025

Exploring the antifungal activities of secondary metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum against the leaf spot pathogen of turmeric Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc.

Ankita Ghosh, P Muthulakshmi, S Varanavasiappan, S Maruthasalam, V Rajasree

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Archives of microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. ROS-CaArchives of microbiology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ankita GhoshDepartment of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5045-8550
P MuthulakshmiDepartment of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India. muthupathology@gmail.com.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7878-9599
S VaranavasiappanDepartment of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6169-7823
S MaruthasalamDepartment Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1176-2508
V RajasreeDepartment of Spices and Plantation, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8520-6507

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of Trichoderma harzianum against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the causal agent of turmeric leaf spot. The pathogen was isolated from symptomatic turmeric leaves and identified using morphological traits and amplification of the ITS region, followed by sequencing. Pathogenicity was confirmed via Koch's postulates. Various biocontrol agents were tested in vitro, and T. harzianum exhibited the highest inhibition (75.92%) in dual culture assays. Crude culture filtrates of T. harzianum also inhibited the pathogen in a seeded agar assay, showing 22.22% inhibition. GC-MS profiling was carried out to identify the bioactive compounds responsible using the culture filtrates of T. harzianum, the pathogen, and their interaction. A total of 129 metabolites were identified, including phenolic acids, fatty acids, esters, and phthalates with reported antimicrobial activity. The interaction revealed compounds common to both organisms, suggesting biochemical cross-talk. This study demonstrates the potential of T. harzianum as an effective biocontrol agent against C. gloeosporioides and highlights key antifungal metabolites involved. Further characterisation of these compounds may support the development of bioformulations for eco-friendly disease management.

Indexed as

Antifungal AgentsColletotrichumCurcumaHypocrealesPlant DiseasesBiological Control AgentsGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryPlant LeavesSecondary MetabolismAntifungal AgentsBiological Control AgentsAntibiosisBiological controlColletotrichum gloeosporioidesGC-MS profilingMetabolitesTrichoderma harzianumTurmeric

Identifiers

PMID40439763

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.