Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40439507›Full record

ArticleEmerging infectious diseases2025

Investigation of Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Neutralization by Quadrivalent Seasonal Vaccines, United Kingdom, 2021-2024.

Phoebe Stevenson-Leggett, Lorin Adams, David Greenwood, Abi Lofts, Vincenzo Libri, Bryan Williams, Sonia Gandhi, Charles Swanton, Steve Gamblin, Edward J Carr and 7 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Emerging infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. CD4Clinical & translational immunology · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Avian influenza overview June-September 2025.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025
    Article
  4. Avian influenza overview March-June 2025.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Phoebe Stevenson-Leggett
Lorin Adams
David Greenwood
Abi Lofts
Vincenzo Libri
Bryan Williams
Sonia Gandhi
Charles Swanton
Steve Gamblin
Edward J Carr
Ruth Harvey
Nicola S Lewis
Mary Y Wu
Emma C Wall
Crick Neutralization Consortium
Legacy Investigators
Crick Neutralization Consortium and Legacy Investigators

Funding

NIAID Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response: Universal Influenza Vaccine Research Activities75N93021C00015 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI HENSLEY, SCOTT · 2021 to 2025
$50.7M
NIAID NIH HHS 75N93021C00015Wellcome Trust CC1114Wellcome Trust CC1283Wellcome Trust CC2041Wellcome Trust CC2060Wellcome Trust CC2166
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We tested cross-neutralization against highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in adults vaccinated with 2021-2023 seasonal quadrivalent influenza vaccine in the United Kingdom. Seasonal quadrivalent influenza vaccines are unlikely to protect vulnerable persons against severe H5N1 disease during widespread transmission. Enhanced measures are needed to protect vulnerable people from H5N1 virus infection.

Indexed as

Antibodies, NeutralizingInfluenza A Virus, H5N1 SubtypeInfluenza, HumanInfluenza VaccinesAdultAntibodies, ViralFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeutralization TestsSeasonsUnited KingdomYoung AdultAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralInfluenza Vaccineshighly pathogenic avian influenzainfluenzainfluenza Aneutralizationquadrivalent influenza vaccineUnited Kingdomviruseszoonoseszoonotic transmission

Identifiers

PMID40439507
PMCPMC12123933

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.