Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40439485›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2025

Highly Stretchable, Self-Healable, and Conductive Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogel for Long-Lasting Wearable Tactile Sensors.

Zhikang Li, Bin Wang, Jijian Lu, Yumeng Xue, Jiaxiang Wang, Boqing Jia, Gengyu Han, Yihe Zhao, Muhammad Afzal Khan Qureshi, Lan Yu and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  4. Review
  5. The Synergism of β-Cyclodextrin and FeAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
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  9. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Zhikang LiState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, Xi'an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7017-0097
Bin WangState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, Xi'an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
Jijian LuState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, Xi'an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
Yumeng XueState Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Xi'an, 710072, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8831-9793
Jiaxiang WangState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, Xi'an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
Boqing JiaState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, Xi'an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
Gengyu HanDepartment of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
Yihe ZhaoState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, Xi'an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
Muhammad Afzal Khan QureshiState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, Xi'an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
Lan YuState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, Xi'an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
Kang ZhaoState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, Xi'an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
Min LiState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, Xi'an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
Ping YangState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, Xi'an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
Dejiang LuState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, Xi'an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
Libo ZhaoState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, Xi'an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 52275570National Natural Science Foundation of China 52435010Project of Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology New Star 2023KJXX-001Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Programme 2023-LL-QY-35HZ01Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Development Program 2024RS-CXTD-19
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Constructing hydrogels with both remarkable mechanical and self-healing properties is highly desirable for soft electronics, yet remains challenging due to conflicting demands on chemical bonds and polymer chain mobility. Herein, a highly stretchable, self-healing, and conductive gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel is developed by incorporating polyvinyl alcohol, N-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-2-propenamide, sodium tetraborate, and sodium chloride into GelMA, followed by a two-step polymerization process. The introduced novel interpenetrating networks, hierarchical hydrogen bonds (weak and strong H-bonds), and borate ester bonds (BEBs) synergistically improve the mechanical strength, and concurrently function as sacrificial bonds for energy dissipation under deformation. Moreover, the constructed reversible BEBs and weak H-bonds enable autonomous self-healing at room temperature. The resulting hydrogel achieves remarkable stretchability (≈160%), tensile strength (≈130 kPa), and self-healing efficiency (86%), surpassing previously reported GelMA hydrogels. Importantly, a self-healing GelMA hydrogel strain sensor is demonstrated, featuring a high gauge factor (≈3.28), ultra-low detection limit (0.1%), and excellent recovery of sensitivity (≈100%) and detection range (≈75%) after damage. Successful monitoring of subtle and large-scale human motions with both original and healed sensors highlights the device's durability and longevity. This study provides a promising approach for the rational design and practical application of GelMA hydrogels in wearable bioelectronics.

Indexed as

GelatinHydrogelsMethacrylatesTouchWearable Electronic DevicesElectric ConductivityHumansTensile StrengthGelatingelatin methacryloylHydrogelsMethacrylatesgelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogelionic conductivityself‐healingstretchabilitywearable strain sensors

Identifiers

PMID40439485
PMCPMC12376516

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.