ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2025
Improved dementia screening for elderly with low education in South Korea using the Cognitive Impairment Screening Test (CIST).
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Accumulation of Biopsychosocial Risk Factors and Cognitive Impairment: The Impact of Slower Gait, Depression, and Low Education in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.Annals of geriatric medicine and research · 2026Article
- Limitations of MMSE in Cognitive Assessment: Revealing Latent Risk via Structural Brain Atrophy.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Clinical Utility of the Cognitive Impairment Screening Test (CIST).Dementia and neurocognitive disorders · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of the Short-Form BrainOK: An Efficient Digital Screening Tool for Mild Cognitive Impairment.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Is the MMSE enough for MCI? A narrative review of the usefulness of the MMSE.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
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Abstract
Background: The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is the most widely used cognitive screening test worldwide; however, it often overdiagnoses older adults with low education levels. In contrast, the Cognitive Impairment Screening Test (CIST), developed by South Korea's Ministry of Health and Welfare, may address this shortcoming. In this study, we compare the CIST and the Korean version of the MMSE (K-MMSE) in older adults with no formal education. Methods: We included 100 older adults (≥ 65 years)-27 with normal cognition (NC), 37 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 36 with dementia (DM). All completed both the CIST and K-MMSE. First, we analyzed correlations between the CIST and K-MMSE. Next, we performed an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), adjusting for age and sex, to compare group performance. Finally, classification performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses, examining the area under the curve (AUC) and other relevant metrics. Results: The CIST showed positive correlations with both the K-MMSE ( Conclusion: The CIST is a reliable and useful tool for assessing cognitive function, showing advantages over the K-MMSE in detecting cognitive decline among older adults without formal education. Further large-scale validation studies are warranted.
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