Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40438285›Full record

ArticleNeurophotonics2025

Photon transport through the entire adult human head.

Jack Radford, Vytautas Gradauskas, Kevin J Mitchell, Samuel Nerenberg, Ilya Starshynov, Daniele Faccio

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neurophotonics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Jack RadfordUniversity of Glasgow, School of Physics and Astronomy, Glasgow, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4807-1628
Vytautas GradauskasUniversity of Glasgow, School of Physics and Astronomy, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Kevin J MitchellUniversity of Glasgow, School of Physics and Astronomy, Glasgow, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3433-7167
Samuel NerenbergUniversity of Glasgow, School of Physics and Astronomy, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Ilya StarshynovUniversity of Glasgow, School of Physics and Astronomy, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Daniele FaccioUniversity of Glasgow, School of Physics and Astronomy, Glasgow, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Significance: The highly scattering nature of near-infrared light in human tissue makes it challenging to collect photons using source-detector separations larger than several centimeters. The limits of detectability of light transmitted through the head remain unknown. Detecting photons in the extreme case through an entire adult head explores the limits of photon transport in the brain. Aim: We explore the physical limits of photon transport in the head in the extreme case wherein the source and detector are diametrically opposite. Approach: Simulations uncover possible migration pathways of photons from source to detector. We compare simulations with time-resolved photon counting experiments that measure pulsed light transmitted through the head. Results: We observe good agreement between the peak delay time and width of the time-correlated histograms in experiments and simulations. Analysis of the photon migration pathways indicates sensitivity to regions of the brain well beyond accepted limits. Source repositioning can isolate sensitivity to targeted regions of the brain, including under the cerebrum. Conclusions: We overcome attenuation of

Indexed as

biophotonicsdiffuse optical tomographyfunctional near-infrared spectroscopyphoton countingtransmittance

Identifiers

PMID40438285
PMCPMC12117216

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.