Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40438098›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025

Predictive biomarkers in the era of immunotherapy for gastric cancer: current achievements and future perspectives.

Fujing Sun, Xiaozhuo Gao, Wentao Wang, Xiaoyan Zhao, Jingdong Zhang, Yanmei Zhu

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Prognostic implications of tissue-based homologous recombination deficiency in metastatic gastric cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor plus chemotherapy.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Observational
  9. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Fujing Sun *Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China.
Xiaozhuo Gao *Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China.
Wentao Wang *Department of Gastric Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China.
Xiaoyan ZhaoDepartment of Gynecology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China.
Jingdong ZhangDepartment of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China.
Yanmei ZhuDepartment of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the primary contributors to cancer-related mortality on a global scale. It holds a position within the top five most prevalent malignancies both in terms of occurrence and fatality rates. Immunotherapy, as a breakthrough cancer treatment, brings new hope for GC patients. Various biomarkers, such as the expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), the microsatellite instability (MSI) status, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, demonstrate potential to predict the effectiveness of immunotherapy in treating GC. Nevertheless, each biomarker has its own limitations, which leads to a significant portion of patients continue to be unresponsive to immunotherapy. With the understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), genome sequencing technology, and recent advances in molecular biology, new molecular markers, such as POLE/POLD1mutations, circulating tumor DNA, intestinal flora, lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3), and lipid metabolism have emerged. This review aims to consolidate clinical evidence to offer a thorough comprehension of the existing and emerging biomarkers. We discuss the mechanisms, prospects of application, and limitations of each biomarker. We anticipate that this review will open avenues for fresh perspectives in the investigation of GC immunotherapy biomarkers and promote the precise choice of treatment modalities for gastric cancer patients, thereby advancing precision immuno-oncology endeavors.

Indexed as

Biomarkers, TumorImmunotherapyStomach NeoplasmsHumansMicrosatellite InstabilityTumor MicroenvironmentBiomarkers, Tumorbiomarkergastric cancerimmune checkpoint inhibitorimmunotherapypredictive value

Identifiers

PMID40438098
PMCPMC12116377

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.