Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40437802›Full record

ArticleObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)2025

Development and validation of an eating behavior patient-reported outcome measure in people living with obesity or overweight.

Donald M Bushnell, Shirley Fung, Meryl Brod, Carl A Roberts, Carel W Le Roux, Oren Steen, Kathryn J Lucas, Anita M Hennige, Anastasia Uster

Abstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
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  3. Survodutide for Obesity in Chinese Adults: Phase 3 Randomized Trial Design and Baseline Characteristics (SYNCHRONIZE™-CN).Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Donald M BushnellPPD, Evidera, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9226-1678
Shirley FungPPD, Evidera, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA.
Meryl BrodThe Brod Group, Mill Valley, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0663-5838
Carl A RobertsDepartment of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4275-601X
Carel W Le RouxSt. Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5521-5445
Oren SteenPrivate Practice, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8604-6891
Kathryn J LucasDiabetes and Endocrinology Consultants, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA.
Anita M HennigeBoehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany.
Anastasia UsterBoehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2135-2061

Funding

Boehringer Ingelheim
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe objective of this study was to develop a measure of eating behaviors in adults living with obesity or overweight.

methodsBased on concept-elicitation (n = 53) and cognitive-debriefing (n = 15) studies, a draft eating behavior patient-reported outcome (EB PRO) measure was developed. Its psychometric properties were established using data from a 46-week clinical trial of an investigational antiobesity medication (n = 387).

resultsThe final EB PRO comprised 12 items across two domains (i.e., "Desire to Eat" and "Capacity to Resist"; 6 items each) and a Total Eating Behavior score (0-48; higher scores worse). The EB PRO demonstrated good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients > 0.7). Confirmatory factor analysis showed a comparative fit index of 0.98 with good internal consistency (Cronbach α > 0.7). The EB PRO generally exhibited moderate-to-large correlations with the Patient Global Impression of Severity questionnaire and Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and weaker correlation with the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey version 2 Physical Functioning scale. All EB PRO scores improved from baseline to week 46 (p < 0.0001), demonstrating sensitivity to change with therapy. Clinically meaningful thresholds were defined as eight- and four-point changes in Total Eating Behavior and domain scores, respectively.

conclusionsThe EB PRO measure is a promising tool for assessing eating behaviors in people with obesity or overweight.

Indexed as

Feeding BehaviorObesityOverweightPatient Reported Outcome MeasuresAdultAgedFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPsychometricsReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID40437802
PMCPMC12210104

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.