Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40437794›Full record

ArticleEndocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)2025

Fatty Liver Index Dynamics as a Predictor of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Non-Cirrhotic Livers.

Eun-Hee Cho, Min Gu Kang, Chang Hun Lee, Shinyoung Oh, Chen Shen, Ha Ram Oh, Young Ran Park, Hyun Lee, Jong Seung Kim, Ji Hyun Park

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Eun-Hee ChoDepartment of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
Min Gu KangDepartment of Medical Informatics, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.
Chang Hun LeeDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.
Shinyoung OhDepartment of Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Graduate School, Jeonju, Korea.
Chen ShenResearch Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
Ha Ram OhResearch Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
Young Ran ParkResearch Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
Hyun LeeDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Jong Seung KimDepartment of Medical Informatics, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.
Ji Hyun ParkResearch Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.

Funding

Ministry of EducationNational Research Foundation of Korea 2017R1D1A3B04028873National Research Foundation of Korea 2022R1I1A1A01069493
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgruoundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; however, surveillance strategies for patients with T2DM, especially without cirrhosis, are inadequate. This study examined whether the fatty liver index (FLI) and its dynamic changes can effectively identify patients with T2DM at increased risk for HCC.

methodsData from 92,761 individuals with T2DM aged 40 to 79 who underwent two health screenings (2012 to 2015) were analyzed. The FLI, calculated using waist circumference, body mass index, triglycerides, and gamma-glutamyl transferase, was used to stratify patients by baseline FLI and FLI changes between screenings. HCC cases were identified via International Classification of Diseases codes and reimbursement records (2016 to 2020).

resultsPatients with baseline FLI of 30 to 59.9 had a 1.90-fold higher risk (P<0.01) and those with FLI ≥60 had a 2.94-fold higher risk (P<0.01) of developing HCC compared to those with FLI <30. An increase in FLI from <30 to ≥30 resulted in a 2.10-fold higher risk of HCC (P<0.01), while a reduction in FLI from ≥30 to <30 led to a 0.64-fold lower risk (P=0.03). Protective benefits of FLI reduction took approximately 3 years to manifest.

conclusionBaseline and dynamic monitoring of FLI effectively identified HCC risk in T2DM patients with non-cirrhotic livers, supporting early detection and intervention.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, HepatocellularDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Liver NeoplasmsNon-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseAdultAgedBody Mass IndexFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansLiver CirrhosisMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsCarcinoma, hepatocellularDiabetes mellitus, type 2Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseRisk

Identifiers

PMID40437794
PMCPMC12765885

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.