Observational studyBMC medicine2025
Effect of human papillomavirus infection on semen quality and assisted reproductive technology outcomes: a prospective observational cohort study.
Observational study in BMC medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Influence of Sexually Transmitted Bacteria and Human Papillomavirus on Sperm Parameters: Data from a Preliminary Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Human Papillomavirus in Reproductive Health and Pregnancy: Clinical Implications, Outcomes, and a Comprehensive Review of Vaccination.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) adversely affects human reproduction. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HPV infection in men and its correlation with semen parameters and reproductive outcomes.
methodsIn this prospective observational cohort study, 384 semen samples were collected from 237 male partners of infertile couples. The presence of HPV DNA and genotyping were analyzed in semen by quantitative PCR. A total of 186 intrauterine inseminations (IUI) in 101 couples and 186 assisted reproduction techniques (ART) cycles in 155 couples were performed. Associations between HPV positivity and semen parameters and fertility outcomes were evaluated using a generalized linear mixed model.
resultsThe prevalence of HPV was 22.7%. Twenty-three HPV types were detected and 69.5% of positive samples presented at least one high risk (HR)-HPV genotype. HPV-18 (14%), HPV-53 (10%), and HPV-56 (10%) were the most prevalent HR-HPV genotypes followed by HPV-16, HPV-31, and HPV-51 (8%). HPV-42 was the most prevalent low risk (LR)-HPV genotype (25%). More than one HPV type was detected in 41% of HPV + samples. After capacitation, 30% of HPV + samples remained positive. We found no relationship between HPV infection and sperm volume, sperm concentration, and progressive motility both before and after semen capacitation. We observed a not significant different clinical pregnancy per cycle in the HPV - (6.8%) and HPV + (5.0%) IUI. We did not find any significant difference in fertilization, cleavage, quality of developed embryos, blastocyst formation nor in embryo utilization of ART cycles. Slightly lower cumulative pregnancy (33% vs 39%) and live-birth (25% vs 30%) rates and higher miscarriage rate (53% and 29%) were observed in HPV + with respect to HPV - cycles. Fifty-five neonatal outcomes from HPV - (n = 45) and HPV + (n = 10) cycles were available. No stillbirths as well as no malformations were recorded.
conclusionsThis study confirmed previous findings that HPV DNA is present in semen of one quarter of infertile couples. No significant association of seminal HPV presence with semen parameters was found. We observed a trend of worst clinical outcomes in the HPV + group that is worth further investigation in a large population to draw definitive conclusions.
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