Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40437426›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2025

Impact of temperature variations on burden of lower respiratory infections under climate change (1990-2021).

Weiqi Huang, Long Yin, Hongyu Li, Wangxuan Yang, Shiying Huang, Liuying Wang, Kexin Wang, Yanhua Hao, Qunhong Wu, Huan Liu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Weiqi HuangDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Long YinDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Hongyu LiDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Wangxuan YangDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Shiying HuangDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Liuying WangDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Kexin WangDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Yanhua HaoDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Qunhong WuDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Huan LiuDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. liuhuan00813@163.com.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 72304079National Natural Science Foundation of China 72361137562
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesWe aimed to evaluate the global burden and trends of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) attributable to non-optimal temperatures between 1990 and 2021, focusing on age, period, and cohort effects as well as health inequalities to inform targeted public health policies.

methodsUsing the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database, we obtained the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and disability-adjusted life-years rate (ASDR) for LRIs related to non-optimal temperatures. We calculated estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) to assess LRIs burden trends and applied age-period-cohort modeling to quantify age, period, and cohort effects. Health inequalities were evaluated using the slope index of inequality and the concentration index.

resultsIn 2021, the highest ASDR for LRIs due to high temperatures occurred in children under 5 (347.66/100,000), whereas the highest ASMR for LRIs due to low temperatures occurred in adults aged ≥ 65 (338.49/100,000). Globally, the LRIs burden from non-optimal temperatures declined (EAPC: ASMR -2.48; ASDR -3.33). However, among the five climate zones, the LRIs burden in the boreal zone due to high temperatures increased (EAPC: ASMR 24.14; ASDR 45.14), whereas all other climate zones showed decreasing trends. In lower Sociodemographic Index (SDI) regions, the high-temperature-related LRIs burden was more pronounced. Relative inequities driven by non-optimal temperatures worsened in low-SDI regions.

conclusionFrom 1990 to 2021, the global burden of LRIs attributable to non-optimal temperatures declined overall; however, high-temperature-related LRIs increased in boreal zones. These health inequalities underscore the urgent need for targeted climate adaptation policies, such as providing international assistance, improving infrastructure, offering healthcare resources, and promoting vaccine coverage, particularly for vulnerable populations in low-SDI regions and boreal zones.

Indexed as

Climate ChangeRespiratory Tract InfectionsTemperatureAdolescentAdultAgedChildChild, PreschoolDisability-Adjusted Life YearsFemaleGlobal Burden of DiseaseGlobal HealthHealth Status DisparitiesHumansInfantInfant, NewbornClimate zonesGlobal disease burdenHealth equityHealth policyInfectious diseaseTemperature

Identifiers

PMID40437426
PMCPMC12117812

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.