Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40436952›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Enhancing the Cherenkov over scintillation ratio using dichroic filters in BGO and TlCl for TOF-PET.

Baharak Mehrdel, Nicolaus Kratochwil, Youngho Seo, Jarek Glodo, Pijush Bhattacharya, Gerard Ariño-Estrada, Javier Caravaca

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Baharak MehrdelDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA. baharak.mehrdel@ucsf.edu.
Nicolaus KratochwilDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Youngho SeoDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA.
Jarek GlodoRadiation Monitoring Devices, Inc, Watertown, MA, 02472, USA.
Pijush BhattacharyaRadiation Monitoring Devices, Inc, Watertown, MA, 02472, USA.
Gerard Ariño-EstradaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Javier CaravacaDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA.

Funding

A high sensitivity gamma camera using a combination of Compton reconstruction and source proximity for in-vivo imaging of Ac-225R01EB032324 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI CARAVACA, JAVIER · 2022 to 2025
$3.7M
TOF-PET with high-efficiency TlCl crystalsR01EB034062 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI Gerard Arino Estrada · 2023 to 2026
$2.5M
Tl-Halide Scintillators for TOF-PETR44EB031656 · NIBIB · RADIATION MONITORING DEVICES, INC. · PI GLODO, JAROSLAW · 2021 to 2023
$1.5M
Leveraging ultra-fast Cherenkov emission in scintillator-based TOF-PET by exploiting photon wavelength classificationR21EB032999 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI SEO, YOUNGHO · 2022 to 2024
$646k
National Institute of Health 1R44EB031656-01NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB032324NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB034062NIBIB NIH HHS R21 EB032999NIBIB NIH HHS R44 EB031656
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Cherenkov emission in inorganic crystal scintillators has been shown to dramatically improve time resolution for time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) for in slow scintillators with a high refractive index such as bismuth germanium oxide (BGO). This is due to the faster nature of the Cherenkov emission (tens of picoseconds) with respect to scintillation (nanosecond). However, the presence of slower scintillation light and the inability of existing detectors to distinguish between Cherenkov and scintillation make it difficult for BGO to achieve a good CTR for all the detected coincidence events. In this paper, we exploit the difference between the Cherenkov and scintillation emission spectra and use dichroic filters to enhance the Cherenkov over scintillation ratio. Dichroic filters transmit or reflect photons based on their wavelength, with a photon attenuation lower than 10%. We investigate several shortpass and longpass dichroic filters in a single-photon configuration with BGO and find the optimal filter that maximizes the Cherenkov over scintillation ratio. We demonstrate that we can enhance the ratio of Cherenkov to scintillation photons by a factor of 2.17 ± 0.38 by employing a shortpass dichroic filter with a cut-off wavelength of 450 nm for BGO, and by a factor of 2.87 ± 0.40 using a longpass dichroic filter with a cut-on wavelength of 550 nm for iodine/beryllium-doped thallium chloride.

Indexed as

BGOCherenkov photonsDichroic filtersTime of flight positron emission tomographyTlCl

Identifiers

PMID40436952
PMCPMC12120110

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.