Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40436896›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

BH3 mimetics targeting BCL-XL have efficacy in solid tumors with RB1 loss and replication stress.

Andreas Varkaris, Keshan Wang, Mannan Nouri, Nina Kozlova, Daniel R Schmidt, Anastasia Stavridi, Seiji Arai, Nicholas Ambrosio, Larysa Poluben, Juan M Jimenez-Vacas and 22 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Strategies for Targeting Mitochondria in the Treatment of Breast Cancer.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Regulated cell death programs shaping cancer therapy.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

32 authors.

Andreas Varkaris *Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Keshan Wang *Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4128-2214
Mannan Nouri *Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-9251
Nina Kozlova *Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Daniel R SchmidtDepartment of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-0378
Anastasia StavridiDepartment of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Seiji AraiDepartment of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9514-735X
Nicholas AmbrosioDepartment of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Larysa PolubenDepartment of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Juan M Jimenez-VacasInstitute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Daniel WestabyInstitute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Juliet CarmichaelInstitute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Fang XieDepartment of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Ines FigueiredoInstitute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-2754-5608
Lorenzo BuroniInstitute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Antje NeebInstitute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Bora GurelInstitute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5018-8078
Nicholas ChevalierMassachusetts General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Lisha BrownDepartment of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Olga VoznesenskyDepartment of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Shao-Yong ChenDepartment of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0809-8383
Joshua W RussoDepartment of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5481-0090
Xin YuanDepartment of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Dejan JuricMassachusetts General Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2983-7704
Himisha BeltranDana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Johann S De BonoInstitute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2034-595X
Matthew G Vander HeidenKoch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6702-4192
David J EinsteinDepartment of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Taru MuranenDepartment of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4158-9002
Eva CoreyDepartment of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9244-3807
Adam SharpInstitute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Steven P BalkDepartment of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. sbalk@bidmc.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4546-7371

Funding

TRANSCRIPTOME AND PROTEOME STRATIFICATION OF PROSTATE ADENOCARCINOMA PHENOTYPESP50CA097186 · NCI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI PETER S NELSON · 2002 to 2026
$58.1M
Steroid Metabolism in Castration-Resistant Prostate CancerP01CA163227 · NCI · BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER · PI PETER S NELSON · 2013 to 2026
$25.0M
Molecular mechanisms underlying lineage plasticity in prostate cancerR37CA241486 · NCI · DANA-FARBER CANCER INST · PI Himisha Beltran · 2020 to 2026
$4.1M
Prostate Cancer Vulnerabilities to BH3 Mimetic DrugsR01CA262536 · NCI · BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER · PI BALK, STEVEN P. · 2021 to 2025
$2.0M
NCI NIH HHS P01 CA163227NCI NIH HHS P50 CA097186NCI NIH HHS R01 CA262536NCI NIH HHS R37 CA241486Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF) Challenge AwardU.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI) PO1 CA163227
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BH3 mimetic drugs that inhibit BCL-2, BCL-XL, or MCL-1 have limited activity in solid tumors. Through assessment of xenograft-derived 3D prostate cancer models and cell lines we find that tumors with RB1 loss are sensitive to BCL-XL inhibition. In parallel, drug screening demonstrates that disruption of nucleotide pools by agents including thymidylate synthase inhibitors sensitizes to BCL-XL inhibition, together indicating that replication stress increases dependence on BCL-XL. Mechanistically we establish that replication stress sensitizes to BCL-XL inhibition through TP53/CDKN1A-dependent suppression of BIRC5 expression. Therapy with a BCL-2/BCL-XL inhibitor (navitoclax) in combination with thymidylate synthase inhibitors (raltitrexed or capecitabine) causes marked and prolonged tumor regression in prostate and breast cancer xenograft models. These findings indicate that BCL-XL inhibitors may be effective as single agents in a subset of solid tumors with RB1 loss, and that pharmacological induction of replication stress may be a broadly applicable approach for sensitizing to BCL-XL inhibitors.

Indexed as

bcl-X ProteinBreast NeoplasmsProstatic NeoplasmsRetinoblastoma Binding ProteinsUbiquitin-Protein LigasesAniline CompoundsAnimalsAntineoplastic AgentsCell Line, TumorDNA ReplicationFemaleHumansMaleMiceSulfonamidesTumor Suppressor Protein p53Aniline CompoundsAntineoplastic AgentsBCL2L1 protein, humanbcl-X ProteinnavitoclaxRB1 protein, humanRetinoblastoma Binding ProteinsSulfonamidesTumor Suppressor Protein p53Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases

Identifiers

PMID40436896
PMCPMC12119881

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.