ArticleScientific reports2025
Toxicity of pharmaceutical micropollutants on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) using blood biomarkers.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Chronic toxicological impacts of tire rubber nanoparticles on hematobiochemical, oxidative stress, and immunological responses in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2026Article
- Antioxidants, immunotoxicological, and histopathological impacts of polypropylene microplastics emitted from paper cups on Clarias gariepinus and the ameliorating role of Spirulina and recovery.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutical compounds in aquatic environments has become a notable ecological issue, with compounds such as bromazepam, naproxen, metoprolol, and sotalol being of particular concern due to their prevalence and potential biological effects on non-target species. This study aims to evaluate the effects of these pharmaceuticals on common carp (Cyprinus carpio), focusing on cytogenicity, genotoxicity, hematological, biochemical, neurological, and immunological responses. Juvenile carp were exposed to 15.54 µg/L bromazepam, 14.40 µg/L naproxen, 5.76 µg/L metoprolol, and 3.33 µg/L sotalol, respectively. Hematological analysis revealed significant reductions in red blood cell counts and hemoglobin levels, indicating potential anemia, especially in fish exposed to naproxen. Biochemical assays showed increased levels of albumin, globulin, and enzymes indicative of liver stress in exposed groups. Antioxidant defense enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase showed significant activity increases, suggesting oxidative stress. Apoptosis assays demonstrated elevated erythrocyte apoptosis, particularly in the naproxen group, which also exhibited the highest DNA damage. These findings highlight the ecological significance of pharmaceutical contamination and highlight the urgent need for thorough environmental risk assessments that take into account the health of both organisms and ecosystems, as well as the creation of mitigation plans for their detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems.
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Registered trials
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