ArticleJournal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation2025
Bioenergetic Theory and Score Analyses: Preliminary Application to Four Soprano Solos.
Article in Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeLimited work has been done to develop theoretically grounded training and conditioning programs for the vocal demand tasks of singers/vocal athletes. Considering the bioenergetic implications of task demands by applying metabolic theory, this study sought to characterize the probable vocal demand bioenergetic requirements of four soprano solos via score analyses.
methodsFour scores ("Twilight and Shadow," "Agitata da Due Venti," "Queen of the Night," and "Vocalise") were selected based on their hypothesized bioenergetic demands (anaerobic, aerobic, and mixed). Each score was analyzed for phonation and rest duration (seconds), number of fundamental frequency changes (hertz/second), and speed of dynamic changes when written (decibels sound pressure level/second). Number of fundamental frequency changes per second was used as a method of measuring rapid acceleration changes, and speed of dynamic changes was used as a method of measuring rapid power changes. Voice:rest work ratio was calculated for each score.
results"Twilight and Shadow" fits an anaerobic bioenergetic profile due to the short durations of phonation time with a large rest in-between. "Agitata da Due Venti" fit a mixed bioenergetic profile due to its longer duration of phonation times with inadequate rest durations for recovery and numerous rapid acceleration and power changes. "Queen of the Night" fits an anaerobic bioenergetic profile due to its overall shorter duration and large number of rapid acceleration and power changes. "Vocalise" fits an aerobic bioenergetic profile due its long duration and few number of rapid acceleration and power changes.
conclusionThis novel score analysis methodology using evidence-supported bioenergetic theory from exercise science describes an initial effort to frame vocal bioenergetic demands from which vocal training may be considered. It also highlights the importance of using a nuanced analytical approach in assessment of vocal demands in lieu of relying on perceptual and indirect measures of vocal function.
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