Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40436628›Full record

ArticleGenes & development2025

Bystander activation across a TAD boundary supports a cohesin-dependent transcription cluster model for enhancer function.

Iain Williamson, Katy A Graham, Matthew Woolf, Hannes Becher, Robert E Hill, Wendy A Bickmore, Laura A Lettice

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genes & development, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Transcription and Three-Dimensional Genome Organization: Cause, Consequence, or Coordination?BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Iain WilliamsonMRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-9707-146X
Katy A GrahamMRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom.
Matthew WoolfMRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom.
Hannes BecherThe Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-3700-2942
Robert E HillMRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom.
Wendy A BickmoreMRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom; wendy.bickmore@ed.ac.uk laura.lettice@ed.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0001-6660-7735
Laura A LetticeMRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom; wendy.bickmore@ed.ac.uk laura.lettice@ed.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-4294-8970

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mammalian enhancers can regulate genes over large genomic distances, often skipping over other genes. Despite this, precise developmental regulation suggests that mechanisms exist to ensure enhancers only activate their correct targets. Sculpting of three-dimensional chromosome organization through cohesin-dependent loop extrusion is thought to be important for facilitating and constraining enhancer action. The boundaries of topologically associating domains (TADs) are thought to prevent enhancers acting on genes in adjacent TADs. However, there are examples where enhancers appear to act across TAD boundaries, but it has remained unclear whether a single enhancer can simultaneously activate genes in different TADs. Here we show that some Shh enhancers can activate transcription concurrently not only at

Indexed as

Cell Cycle ProteinsChromosomal Proteins, Non-HistoneEnhancer Elements, GeneticTranscription, GeneticAnimalsChromatinCohesinsGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalHedgehog ProteinsHomeodomain ProteinsMiceModels, GeneticTranscription FactorsCell Cycle ProteinsChromatinChromosomal Proteins, Non-HistoneCohesinsHedgehog ProteinsHomeodomain ProteinsShh protein, mouseTranscription Factors3D genomecohesinCTCFDNA-FISHloop extrusionRNA-FISHsonic hedgehogtranscriptional hubs

Identifiers

PMID40436628
PMCPMC12404194

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.