Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40436143›Full record

ArticleJournal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders2025

Evaluation of factors underlying differences in venous thromboembolism rates between Black and White patients.

Mary S Lin, Shalini Sahoo, Hilary Hayssen, Minerva Mayorga-Carlin, Brian Englum, Tariq Siddiqui, Phuong Nguyen, Yelena Yesha, John D Sorkin, Brajesh K Lal

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. What's race got to do with it? Unraveling disparities in venous thromboembolism.Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Mary S LinDepartment of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD.
Shalini SahooDepartment of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD.
Hilary HayssenDepartment of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD.
Minerva Mayorga-CarlinDepartment of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD.
Brian EnglumDepartment of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD.
Tariq SiddiquiSurgery Service, VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD.
Phuong NguyenDepartment of Computer Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL.
Yelena YeshaDepartment of Computer Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL.
John D SorkinDepartment of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD.
Brajesh K LalDepartment of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Surgery Service, VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD. Electronic address: blal@som.umaryland.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveIn the United States, the incidence of hospital-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been found to be higher among Blacks compared with Whites. However, the reason for this difference is not well-understood. Here, we utilize a large, nationwide cohort to evaluate the clinical factors that may contribute to the difference in rates of VTE in Black vs White patients.

methodsWe analyzed consecutive first hospital admissions of Black and White patients to all Veterans Affairs facilities from January 2016 to December 2021. We first compared VTE rates between White and Black patients within 90 days of hospital admission, identified 11 potential confounders for the relationship between race and VTE, and used these to develop a series of adjusted logistic regression models predicting the development of VTE. Odds ratios (ORs) obtained from these models were compared to examine the relationship between race, potential confounding variables, and VTE.

resultsThe study cohort consisted of 142,456 patients (mean age, 54 years; 84.7% male), of whom 28.5% (n = 40,632) were Black and 71.5% (n = 101,824) were White. Of the cohort, 2.4% developed a VTE within 90 days (n = 3455), and the rate of VTE was higher in Black patients (2.7%) compared with White patients (2.3%; P < .001). A total of 12 models were developed to examine individual confounders of the relationship between race and VTE. In all models, Black race was associated with increased odds of VTE (OR, 1.06-1.17). The strength of this association remained unchanged in the range of OR 1.13 to 1.16 after adjusting for major covariates including social deprivation index, blood type, and surgery type. When adjusting for hemoglobin, the OR for the association between Black race and VTE was reduced. An inverse correlation was observed between Black race and hemoglobin, with Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients of -0.17 and -0.180, respectively.

conclusionsIn this cohort of hospitalized patients, Black race is a major risk factor for VTE, independent of social deprivation, blood type, and surgery. This effect may be modulated by hemoglobin, suggesting a potential clinical etiology underlying the trends observed between VTE and race.

Indexed as

Black or African AmericanVenous ThromboembolismWhiteAdultAgedFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsTime FactorsUnited StatesDeep venous thrombosisHemoglobinRaceRisk factorsVenous thromboembolism

Identifiers

PMID40436143
PMCPMC12365823

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.