ArticlePloS one2025
Association between virtual visits and health outcomes of people living with HIV: A cross-sectional study.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Aligning definitions with realities: a qualitative study on the complexities of measuring retention in HIV care in the global context.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Rapid Deployment of Telemedicine in HIV Care: Mixed Methods Study of Providers' Attitudes and Perceptions.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Article
- Using multilevel modeling to assess the association between disruption in clinical services during the COVID-19 pandemic and loss of viral suppression among persons with HIV in Washington, DC.Discover public health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVirtual care has been integrated as a modality of care in Ontario, yet its effectiveness for people living with HIV remains largely unexplored.
objectivesWe aimed to determine the association of visit modality (virtual, in-person, or both) on adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), viral load, and quality of life (QoL) in people living with HIV in Ontario, Canada.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 2022 Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study (OCS), collected during the COVID-19 pandemic when virtual visits were first introduced. Participants were grouped into three categories based on the mode of care: virtual, in-person, or a combination of both. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires and medical records, with viral load data linked to Public Health Ontario Laboratories (PHOL). Logistic regression was used to examine the outcomes of optimal ART adherence and viral load suppression, and linear regression was used for quality of life (mental and physical) outcomes.
resultsIn 2022, 1930 participants accessed HIV care in the OCS. Among them, 19.0% received virtual care, 45.6% received in-person care, and 34.3% received care through virtual and in-person modalities. The median age of the participants was 55 years (IQR: 45-62). In the multivariable logistic regression model, virtual care was associated with an increased likelihood of optimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00, 1.70) and an increased likelihood of achieving viral load suppression (AOR 1.67, 95% CI:1.03, 2.63). Moreover, combined virtual and in-person care is associated with an improved mental quality of life compared to in-person care (Adjusted Mean difference (MD) - 0.960, 95% CI: 0.05, 1.87).
conclusionThis study suggests virtual care is positively associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and viral suppression within this context. However, future research is necessary to establish causality and to assess the long-term effects of virtual care.
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