Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40434534›Full record

ReviewOphthalmology and therapy2025

Dry Eye Disease: From Causes to Patient Care and Clinical Collaboration-A Narrative Review.

Pasquale Aragona, Stefano Barabino, Antonio Di Zazzo, Giuseppe Giannaccare, Edoardo Villani, Francesco Aiello, Elena Antoniazzi, Stefano Bonini, Emilia Cantera, Gianpaolo Carlini and 25 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Ophthalmology and therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

35 authors.

Pasquale AragonaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Stefano BarabinoOcular Surface and Dry Eye Center, Ospedale L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Antonio Di ZazzoCornea Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rome Campus Biomedico, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital Foundation, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Rome, RM, Italy. a.dizazzo@policlinicocampus.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5264-5973
Giuseppe GiannaccareEye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Edoardo VillaniEye Clinic, San Giuseppe Hospital, IRCCS Multimedica, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Francesco AielloOphthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Elena AntoniazziIRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Stefano BoniniCornea Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rome Campus Biomedico, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital Foundation, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Rome, RM, Italy.
Emilia CanteraIsraelitic Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Gianpaolo CarliniASL Napoli 1 Centro, Naples, Italy.
Chiara ChieregoOphthalmic Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Rossella ColabelliUOC Oftalmologia-Banca degli Occhi, San Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Romina FascianiFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Antonella FranchFondazione Banca Degli Occhi del Veneto Onlus, Department of Ophthalmology, SS Giovanni and Paolo Hospital, Venice, Italy.
Giovanna GabbrielliniOphthalmology Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Caterina Maria Rita GaglianoDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy.
Andrea LeonardiOphthalmology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7246-8580
Angelo MacrìIRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
Rita MencucciEye Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Luigi MoscaFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Vincenzo OrfeoOphthalmology Unit, "Clinica Mediterranea", Naples, Italy.
Antonio PinnaOphthalmology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Augusto PocobelliUOC Oftalmologia-Banca degli Occhi, San Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Romolo ProttiOphthalmic Unit, San Biagio Hospital, Domodossola (VB), Italy.
Paolo RamaDepartment of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
Laura RaniaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Istituto per la Sicurezza Sociale, San Marino State Hospital, Cailungo, San Marino.
Miguel RechichiCentro Polispecialistico Mediterraneo, Sellia Marina (CZ), Italy.
Pierangela RubinoOphthalmology Unit, Department of General and Specialized Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
Andrea RussoEye Clinic, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedale Civili, 1, 25100, Brescia, Italy.
Vincenzo ScorciaDepartment of Ophthalmology, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
Leopoldo SpadeaEye Clinic, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Marco TrentadueAzienda Ospedaliera "Ospedale Consorziale Policlinico", Bari, Italy.
Salvatore TroisiEye Department, AOU "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy.
Piera VersuraOphthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Maurizio RolandoOcular Surface and Dry Eye Center, Vista Vision and ISPRE Ophthalmics, Genoa, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Dry eye disease (DED) is a common condition of the ocular surface that affects tens of millions of people worldwide. It is often characterized by decreased tear production or increased evaporation, resulting in a wide range of signs and symptoms. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature related to DED, detailing causes, diagnostic tests, and medical management. Several mechanisms contribute to the maintenance of the physiological integrity of the ocular surface, and their dysfunction may result in noticeable symptoms. Accurate diagnosis is therefore essential, even when physiological function is only minimally impaired or no clear pathological signs are present. The review emphasizes the importance of addressing the underlying causes through a combination of treatment options, lifestyle changes, and enhanced communication between patients and healthcare providers to break the cycle of inflammation and tear instability. It aims to raise awareness among patients, healthcare professionals, and researchers regarding the diagnosis and treatment of DED, while also highlighting recent advancements and future challenges in its management.

Indexed as

Dry eye diseaseHyperosmolarityInflammationOcular surface diseasesPatientsQuality of lifeSymptomsTherapy

Identifiers

PMID40434534
PMCPMC12167426

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.