ArticleJournal of diabetes investigation2025
The cholesterol-HDL-glucose (CHG) index and traditional adiposity markers in predicting diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy.
Article in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association between serum lipid levels and the risk of diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Association between the cholesterol-high-density lipoprotein-glucose index and the incidence of new-onset diabetes in patients with chronic gastrointestinal diseases: A prospective cohort study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Article
- Association Between Cholesterol-HDL-Glucose Index and Stroke Risk in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults Without Diabetes: Evidence From Two National Cohort Studies.Cardiology research · 2026Article
- Associations of cumulative exposure and dynamic trajectories of the cholesterol-HDL-glucose index and its obesity-related derivatives with cardiovascular disease: a nationwide prospective cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Association between the combined cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, glucose index and frailty index and new-onset cardiovascular disease in individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages 0-3: evidence from CHARLS.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Association Between the Cholesterol-High-Density Lipoprotein-Glucose Index and Urinary Incontinence: A Prospective Nationally Representative Cohort Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association of the CHG Index with the onset, progression, and prognosis of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: findings from two large prospective cohorts.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- Association Between the Cholesterol-HDL-Glucose (CHG) Index and 90-Day Functional Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Associations between cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose index and hyperuricemia in patients with diabetes.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- The cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose index and its derived indices predict diabetic kidney disease development and progression: evidence from two nationwide cohorts and a biopsy-proven clinical cohort.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- The Association Between Cholesterol, High-Density Lipoprotein, and Glucose Index and Mortality in Young and Middle-Aged Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: NHANES Data (1999-2018).Cardiology research · 2026Article
- Cholesterol-high-density lipoprotein-glucose index versus triglyceride-glucose-derived indices for predicting 10-year cardiovascular mortality in the MASHAD cohort.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Total Cholesterol, High-Density Lipoprotein, and Glucose (CHG) index and risk of stroke in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults: a nationwide prospective cohort study.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Association of cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and glucose (CHG) index with mortality risk in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) adults: results from two prospective cohorts.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Associations between the CHG index, its modified versions and incident stroke in patients with early-stage CKM syndrome: a nationwide cohort study.European journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Cumulative exposure and patterns of the cholesterol-HDL-C-glucose index and risk of new-onset cardiometabolic multimorbidity: 9-year longitudinal evidence from CHARLS.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Joint Association of Cholesterol, High-Density Lipoprotein and Glucose Index, and Circadian Syndrome With Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease: Results From National Longitudinal Prospective Studies.Cardiovascular therapeutics · 2026Article
- Association of the cholesterol-HDL-glucose index with prevalent metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and its incremental metabolic-hepatic assessment value: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Association of triglyceride glucose index with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Association of a novel index, the total cholesterol-high-density lipoprotein-glucose index, with diabetes mellitus in Chinese adults: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the relationship between four metabolic indices-visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, and cholesterol-HDL-glucose (CHG) index-and the presence of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with long-standing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND
methodsThis prospective cross-sectional study included 175 T2DM patients with disease duration >10 years who attended an endocrinology outpatient clinic between July 2021 and January 2022. DR was assessed via fundus photography, and DN was defined using the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and eGFR. VAI, LAP, TyG, and CHG indices were calculated using anthropometric and biochemical parameters. Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors.
resultsThe mean age was 60 ± 10.1 years; 63.4% were female. DR and DN were observed in 50.3% and 38.9% of patients, respectively. VAI, LAP, and TyG were significantly higher in patients with DN but not with DR. CHG was elevated in both DN and DR (P < 0.05), and was the only independent predictor of DN (P = 0.005). Notably, CHG was significantly higher in proliferative vs non-proliferative DR (P = 0.009), unlike the other indices.
conclusionsWhile VAI, LAP, and TyG were associated only with nephropathy, CHG was linked to both DN and DR. Its integration of glycemic and lipid parameters may offer greater sensitivity for microvascular risk stratification in T2DM.
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