ArticleEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2025
Medium-term Exposure to Wildfire Smoke PM 2.5 and Cardiorespiratory Hospitalization Risks.
Article in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cardiopulmonary hospitalization risks from wildfire-specific and non-wildfire PMNature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Assessing the Evidence for Differential Health Effects of Wildfire Smoke Across Fires and Populations: A Critical Review of Recent Studies.Current environmental health reports · 2026Review
- Case-Crossover Design for Assessing Associations With Short-Term, Intermediate-Term, and Long-Term Exposures.The Journal of surgical research · 2026Article
- Wildland-urban interface co-combustion of biomass, synthetic polymeric materials, and lithium-ion batteries generates a new class of ultrafine soot-metal-PAH hybrid particles.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWildfire activity in the United States has increased substantially in recent decades. Smoke fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), a primary wildfire emission, can remain in the air for months after a wildfire begins, yet large-scale evidence of its health effects remains limited.
methodsWe obtained hospitalization records for the residents of 15 states between 2006 and 2016 from the State Inpatient Databases. We used existing daily smoke PM 2.5 estimations at 10-km 2 grid cells across the contiguous United States and aggregated them to ZIP codes to match the spatial resolution of hospitalization records. We extended the traditional case-crossover design, a self-controlled design originally developed for studying acute effects, to examine associations between 3-month average exposure to smoke PM 2.5 and hospitalization risks for a comprehensive range of cardiovascular (ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, arrhythmia, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases) and respiratory diseases (acute respiratory infections, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and other respiratory diseases).
resultsWe found that 3-month exposure to smoke PM 2.5 was associated or marginally associated with increased hospitalization risks for most cardiorespiratory diseases. Hypertension showed the greatest susceptibility, with the highest hospitalization risk associated with 0.1 µg/m 3 increase in 3-month smoke PM 2.5 exposure (relative risk: 1.0051; 95% confidence interval = 1.0035, 1.0067). Results for single-month lagged exposures suggested that estimated effects persisted up to 3 months after exposure. Subgroup analyses estimated larger effects in neighborhoods with higher deprivation level or more vegetation, as well as among ever-smokers.
conclusionsOur findings provided unique insights into medium-term cardiorespiratory effects of smoke PM 2.5 , which can persist for months, even after a wildfire has ended.
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