ArticleFrontiers in public health2025
Assessing ethical practices among community pharmacists in Nigeria: prevalence, drivers, challenges, and implications-a mixed methods study.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Non-prescription antibiotic dispensing in community pharmacies in LMICs: a systematic review of prevalence, drivers, and policy implications.BMC health services research · 2026Pooled it
- Ethical perspectives of Brazilian community pharmacists: a pilot study.BMC medical ethics · 2026Article
- Prescription-only medicine requests by clients: Insights from community pharmacies.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Given the accessibility of community pharmacists as the first point of care in Nigeria and their expanding role in optimizing public health, it is critical that they employ evidence-based, ethical practices. This study assessed ethical practices and identified drivers of unethical practices among community pharmacists in Nigeria. Methods: A convergent-parallel mixed method study design was employed, collecting quantitative and qualitative data, which were analyzed using SPSS and inductive content analysis. Results: Most pharmacists maintained patients' confidentiality (93.2%), and disclosed side effects of medicines to patients (80.3%). Nearly half (48.9%) dispensed antibiotics without prescriptions and more than one-third purchased medicines from the unregulated open market (38.4%). Conversely, only 53.4% performed quality checks to identify possible or suspected substandard and falsified medicines. Pharmacists who regularly consulted the PCN code of ethics were less likely to dispense antibiotics without prescriptions ( Conclusion: Pharmacists' unethical practices potentially contribute to the prevalence of substandard and falsified medicines, and antimicrobial resistance. Improved regulations, improved remuneration, providing incentives for professionalism, training on ethics and improved multidisciplinary collaborations could promote ethical community pharmacy practices.
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