Effects of Thai

Aim: Gingival fibroblasts are key players in oral wound healing as they migrate to the wound and produce extracellular matrix. Although contemporary methods can enhance healing, there is ongoing interest in alternative medicine due to its accessibility. Methods: HGFs were treated with 0.46-7.5 mg/mL KPE, followed by determination of cell viability using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on days 1, 3, 5, and 7, and cell migration was assessed using scratch assay at 12, 24, and 48 h. Collagen production was analyzed by picrosirius red staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on days 7, 14, and 21. Results: At 0.46 mg/mL, KPE induced cell proliferation in HGFs on days 3, 5, and 7, whereas higher concentrations were cytotoxic to HGFs. This concentration also enhanced cell migration at all time points, whereas higher doses hampered this process. KPE at 0.46 mg/mL stimulated collagen production and upregulated the expressions of Conclusions: KPE could promote proliferation, migration, and collagen production in HGFs, demonstrating its potential use as an adjunctive treatment for oral wounds. Nevertheless, establishing a safety margin is crucial before clinical application due to the possibility of cytotoxicity at higher concentrations.