ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
The recent advances in vaccine adjuvants.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Linking Adjuvant Immune Stimulation to Spatiotemporal Dynamics via Cross-Scale Photoacoustic Microscopy.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2026Article
- Computational Design and Biopharmaceutical Evaluation of a Chimeric Nanoparticle Vaccine for Targeted Delivery against BK Polyomavirus.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Article
- Viral Vaccine Adjuvant Strategies for Shaping Durable Immunity Across the Human Lifespan.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Adjuvant choice shapes macrophage activation and cytokine responses to freeze-thaw breast cancer antigens.BMC research notes · 2026Article
- Immunosenescence and cytomegalovirus-associated immune signatures on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 booster responses.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Recent research progress and clinical status of immunotherapy for colorectal cancer.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Identification of Mannose-Capped-Arabinomannan 101-mer as a Potential Influenza Virus Vaccine Adjuvant.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Article
- Investigating the In Vitro Immunomodulatory Potential of Microparticulate β-L-Adenosine in Particulate Vaccine Candidates.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Synergistic Immunoenhancement of Recombinant PBP2a Vaccine Candidate by Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles and MF59 Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Expanding Chemical Space of Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles for Tunable Antiviral-Like Immunomodulatory Responses and Potent Adjuvant Activity.Advanced functional materials · 2026Article
- Skeletal muscle as a dynamic immunological niche for vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Nano-adjuvants enhance the immunogenicity and safety of infectious bursal disease virus vaccines: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanoparticle Tumor-Lysate Vaccination in Mice Generates Hybridoma-Derived Antibodies Enabling Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Chemotherapy Synergy.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress in skeletal muscle dysfunction of type 2 diabetes: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Carbohydrate fatty acid monosulphate ester adjuvant enhances the immunogenicity of influenza antigensFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Development and immunogenicity of a novel subunit vaccine candidate against avian metapneumovirus.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Immunogenicity and protective potential of a mucosal protein-only vaccine candidate for tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- EP9158H: An Immunoinformatics-Designed mRNA Vaccine Encoding Multi-Epitope Antigens and Dual TLR Agonists for Tuberculosis Prevention.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Colloidal Manganese Salt Improves the Efficacy ofVaccines · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vaccine adjuvants, as key components in enhancing vaccine immunogenicity, play a vital role in modern vaccinology. This review systematically examines the historical evolution and mechanisms of vaccine adjuvants, with particular emphasis on innovative advancements in aluminum-based adjuvants, emulsion-based adjuvants, and nucleic acid adjuvants (e.g., CpG oligonucleotides). Specifically, aluminum adjuvants enhance immune responses through particle formation/antigen adsorption, inflammatory cascade activation, and T-cell stimulation. Emulsion adjuvants amplify immunogenicity via antigen depot effects and localized inflammation, while nucleic acid adjuvants like CpG oligonucleotides directly activate B cells and dendritic cells to promote Th1-type immune responses and memory T-cell generation. The article further explores the prospective applications of these novel adjuvants in combating emerging pathogens (including influenza and SARS-CoV-2), particularly highlighting their significance in improving vaccine potency and durability. Moreover, this review underscores the critical importance of adjuvant development in next-generation vaccine design and provides theoretical foundations for creating safer, effective adjuvant.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.