ArticleJournal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America2024
Race, Income, and Insurance Status Are Associated with Increased Time to Initial Outpatient Evaluation of Fracture Patients.
Article in Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Which Neighborhood-level Metric Is Most Appropriate for Pediatric Sports Medicine Disparities Research?Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2026Article
- The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Timely Presentation and Treatment in Pediatric Hand Fractures.Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America · 2026Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Social determinants of health (SDOH) are conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, and worship that affect a wide range of health and quality of life outcomes. While SDOH have been shown to have a significant effect on outcomes and access to care for many orthopaedic conditions, their effect on pediatric orthopaedic care is less well established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of race, income, parental employment status and education level, and type of insurance, on time to initial evaluation of pediatric fracture patients in an orthopaedic clinic. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for fracture patients who presented to a children's emergency department (ED) and were followed up at an outpatient pediatric orthopaedic clinic. Socioeconomic and demographic data were collected including patient age at presentation of fracture, type of insurance, patient race and ethnicity, patient ZIP code, primary guardian's employment status and education level, and household annual income. Multivariable negative binomial regression analysis was used to determine the effect of SDOH on time from ED visit to initial orthopaedic follow up. Results: A total of 516 patients were included in the study (mean follow-up time = 8.54 days; SD = 4.53 days) between the ED visit and initial orthopaedic follow up. After adjusting for all other collected variables, there was a correlation between time to follow up and patient race (White patients had 0.76 days shorter time compared with that of non-White patients, Conclusions: The time from ED visit to initial evaluation in an orthopaedic clinic for pediatric fracture patients was correlated with certain SDOH including race, insurance status, mean income in patients' respective ZIP code, and age of the patient. Key Concepts: (1)Social determinants of health may impact access to care and outcomes in pediatric orthopaedics, and this relationship is confounded by multiple factors.(2)Time to follow up for pediatric fracture patients is affected by race, income, and insurance status.(3)Pediatric orthopaedic surgeons must be aware of this disparity and use specific strategies to address potential barriers to care. Level of Evidence: III, Prognostic Study.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.