ArticleCureus2025
Comparative Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Exclusively Breastfed Versus Exclusively Cow Milk-Fed Infants: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAnemia has long been a major public health issue worldwide and continues to be the most common type of micronutrient deficiency. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) represents a major health challenge during infancy and early childhood. Children in Pakistan suffering from IDA often experience stunted growth, cognitive delays, and decreased physical activity. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2024 to February 2025 in the Pediatric Department of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, to assess the prevalence of IDA in term infants up to 12 months of age who were either breastfed or fed cow's milk. Using non-probability purposive sampling, 340 eligible infants visiting the outpatient department or admitted to the pediatrics ward were included. Infants with hemoglobin <9.5 g/dL and mean corpuscular volume <70 fL were labeled as having IDA. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained prior to data collection.
resultsIn our study of 340 infants (mean age: 3.71 ± 1.84 months), 127 (37.4%) were diagnosed with IDA. A significant association was found between exclusive cow's milk feeding and IDA (p < 0.001), with 92 (72.44%) of IDA cases occurring in cow's milk-fed infants. No significant link was observed between the frequency of pediatric check-ups and IDA prevalence. Additionally, parental confidence in understanding their infant's nutritional needs was significantly related to IDA occurrence (p = 0.05).
conclusionThe study's findings indicate a significant association between exclusive cow's milk feeding and the development of IDA in infants, underscoring the importance of appropriate infant feeding practices. No significant link was observed between the frequency of pediatric check-ups and IDA prevalence. Additionally, parental confidence in understanding their infant's nutritional needs was significantly related to IDA occurrence. These results highlight the need for targeted nutritional education for parents to prevent IDA in infants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.