Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40431684›Full record

ArticleViruses2025

Evaluating Population Normalization Methods Using Chemical Data for Wastewater-Based Epidemiology: Insights from a Site-Specific Case Study.

Marco Verani, Ileana Federigi, Alessandra Angori, Alessandra Pagani, Francesca Marvulli, Claudia Valentini, Nebiyu Tariku Atomsa, Beatrice Conte, Annalaura Carducci

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Marco VeraniLaboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, 56123 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4078-5108
Ileana FederigiLaboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, 56123 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3890-8546
Alessandra AngoriLaboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, 56123 Pisa, Italy.
Alessandra PaganiLaboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, 56123 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0009-0006-8106-1519
Francesca MarvulliAcque S.p.A., Via A. Bellatalla 1, 56121 Pisa, Italy.
Claudia ValentiniGaia S.p.A., Via G. Donizetti 16, 55045 Pietrasanta, Italy.
Nebiyu Tariku AtomsaLaboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, 56123 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0009-0005-2588-3529
Beatrice ConteLaboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, 56123 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0009-0009-7030-5479
Annalaura CarducciLaboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, 56123 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0131-053X

Funding

EU Commission Grant Agreement 060701/2021/864481/SUB/ENV.C2Italian Government Decree of the Ministry of Health 30.10.2021 11 December 2021, n. 294Tuscany Region project "Monitoring and modeling of SARS-CoV-2 in sewer networks for COVID 19 pandemic spreading early warning system"; Regional Council resolution 8 March 2021, n. 174
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been widely employed to track the spread of human pathogens; however, correlating wastewater data with clinical surveillance remains challenging due to population variability and environmental factors affecting wastewater composition. This study evaluated different SARS-CoV-2 normalization methods, comparing static population estimates with dynamic normalization based on common physicochemical parameters: chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD

Indexed as

COVID-19WastewaterWastewater-Based Epidemiological MonitoringAmmoniaBiological Oxygen Demand AnalysisHumansItalySARS-CoV-2Viral LoadAmmoniaWastewaterammoniabiochemical oxygen demandBOD5chemical oxygen demandchemical parametersclinical surveillanceCODenvironmental surveillancepopulation markerpublic health

Identifiers

PMID40431684
PMCPMC12115702

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.