Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40431668›Full record

ArticleViruses2025

Prevalence of Acute Gastroenteritis Enteropathogens Among Hospitalized Children in Jordan: A Single-Center Study.

Ashraf I Khasawneh, Nisreen Himsawi, Ashraf Sammour, Faten A Bataineh, Mohammad H Odeh, Mayar S Alhieh, Nawal S Hijjawi, Mohammad Wahsheh, Hafez Al-Momani, Moureq R Alotaibi and 2 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Ashraf I KhasawnehDepartment of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.ORCID 0000-0001-7880-7849
Nisreen HimsawiDepartment of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.ORCID 0000-0003-3769-8134
Ashraf SammourDepartment of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.
Faten A BatainehLaboratory Department, Princess Rhama Hospital, Ministry of Health, Irbid 21110, Jordan.
Mohammad H OdehDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.ORCID 0009-0009-5048-1491
Mayar S AlhiehDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.
Nawal S HijjawiDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.
Mohammad WahshehDepartment of Pediatrics, Princess Rhama Hospital, Ministry of Health, Irbid 21110, Jordan.
Hafez Al-MomaniDepartment of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.ORCID 0000-0003-2119-0811
Moureq R AlotaibiDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia.
Sofian Al ShboulDepartment of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.ORCID 0000-0002-0455-4380
Tareq SalehDepartment of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.ORCID 0000-0002-2878-1107

Funding

Deanship of Scientific Research, The Hashemite University. 745/56/2022
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesAcute gastroenteritis (AGE) remains a significant cause of morbidity in children, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Viral pathogens, including rotavirus (RoV), norovirus (NoV), and adenovirus (HAdV), are among the leading causes of AGE. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of viral, bacterial, and parasitic enteric pathogens associated with AGE among hospitalized children in Northern Jordan. MATERIALS AND

methodsA total of 195 stool samples were collected from hospitalized children with AGE during the winter seasons of 2022-2024. Multiplex real-time qPCR assays were performed to detect common pathogens. The prevalence of each pathogen was determined, and co-infections were analyzed. Clinical symptoms, demographic characteristics, and associations between specific pathogens and disease severity were evaluated.

resultsViral pathogens were the predominant cause of AGE, with NoV detected in 53 cases (27.2%; of which 19.0% were NoV GI and 8.2% NoV GII), followed by RoV (24.1%), HAdV (20.0%), HAstV (13.3%), and SaV (12.3%). Co-infections were observed in several cases, particularly among viral infections evoked by RoV, HAdV, and NoV GI. Bacterial and parasitic infections were less prevalent, with

conclusionsViral pathogens, particularly NoV, RoV, and HAdV, are the leading causes of AGE among hospitalized children in Jordan. Co-infections among viral pathogens were common, whereas bacterial and parasitic infections played a limited role in the disease burden. These findings emphasize the importance of continued surveillance and vaccination efforts, particularly for RoV, to reduce AGE-related hospitalizations in children.

Indexed as

GastroenteritisAcute DiseaseChildChild, HospitalizedChild, PreschoolCoinfectionFecesFemaleHospitalizationHumansInfantJordanMaleNorovirusPrevalenceVirusesacute gastroenteritisadenovirusJordannorovirusrotavirus

Identifiers

PMID40431668
PMCPMC12116106

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.