ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2025
The Overlooked Nucleocapsid Response: A Cohort Study of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Brazil.
Fatima de Cássia Evangelista de Oliveira, Ana Carolina Matias Dinelly Pinto, Maria Francilene Souza Silva, Max Moreira Lizano Garcia, Maria da Conceição Rodrigues Fernandes, Gabriela Alexandria Damasceno, Amanda Campelo Lima de Melo, Tamires Cardoso Matsui, Tamiris de Fátima Goebel de Souza, Fernanda Gadelha Severino and 5 more
Abstract read
In one paragraphArticle in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
2 · The registryThe trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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3 · Its place in the literatureWho cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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4 · The recordCorrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
5 · Who and what moneyAuthors and funding
15 authors.
Fatima de Cássia Evangelista de OliveiraUnidade de Apoio ao Diagnóstico da COVID-19, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Eusébio 61773-270, Ceará, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-4737-5008 Ana Carolina Matias Dinelly PintoUnidade de Apoio ao Diagnóstico da COVID-19, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Eusébio 61773-270, Ceará, Brazil.
Maria Francilene Souza SilvaUnidade de Apoio ao Diagnóstico da COVID-19, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Eusébio 61773-270, Ceará, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-4509-1159 Max Moreira Lizano GarciaUnidade de Apoio ao Diagnóstico da COVID-19, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Eusébio 61773-270, Ceará, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-5533-3281 Maria da Conceição Rodrigues FernandesUnidade de Apoio ao Diagnóstico da COVID-19, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Eusébio 61773-270, Ceará, Brazil.
Gabriela Alexandria DamascenoUnidade de Apoio ao Diagnóstico da COVID-19, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Eusébio 61773-270, Ceará, Brazil.
Amanda Campelo Lima de MeloUnidade de Apoio ao Diagnóstico da COVID-19, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Eusébio 61773-270, Ceará, Brazil.
Tamires Cardoso MatsuiUnidade de Apoio ao Diagnóstico da COVID-19, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Eusébio 61773-270, Ceará, Brazil.
Tamiris de Fátima Goebel de SouzaUnidade de Apoio ao Diagnóstico da COVID-19, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Eusébio 61773-270, Ceará, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-6530-9768 Fernanda Gadelha SeverinoInstituto de Saúde e Gestão Hospitalar (ISGH), Fortaleza 60843-070, Ceará, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-5210-1856 Virgínia Angélica Silveira ReisInstituto de Saúde e Gestão Hospitalar (ISGH), Fortaleza 60843-070, Ceará, Brazil.
Caroline PassaesPasteur-Fiocruz Center on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Eusébio 61773-270, Ceará, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-0813-2521 Fernanda Montenegro de Carvalho AraújoUnidade de Apoio ao Diagnóstico da COVID-19, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Eusébio 61773-270, Ceará, Brazil.
Luiz Odorico Monteiro de AndradeUnidade de Apoio ao Diagnóstico da COVID-19, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Eusébio 61773-270, Ceará, Brazil.
Marcela Helena Gambim FonsecaUnidade de Apoio ao Diagnóstico da COVID-19, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Eusébio 61773-270, Ceará, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-3710-4060 Funding
Fiocruz and Ministério da Saúde, Brazil
6 · The paper itselfAbstract
SARS-CoV-2 has caused global disruptions, prompting studies on immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines, particularly antibodies against the Spike (S) protein. However, responses to the Nucleocapsid (N) protein remain less explored. This study evaluated whether CoronaVac induces anti-N antibodies, and analyzed antibody dynamics after a BNT162b2 booster, given that CoronaVac targets both S and N proteins, while BNT162b2 targets only the S protein. Serum samples were collected at multiple intervals post-vaccination. The percentage of participants with positive anti-N antibodies increased from 40.26% to 62.09% after two doses of CoronaVac, but declined over time, reaching 29.07% and 18.87% after the second and third doses, respectively. However, seropositivity rose to 43.48% three months after the booster. Anti-S antibody levels peaked at 31,394 AU/mL after the booster, compared to 723.4 AU/mL after the first dose. These findings indicate that CoronaVac stimulates antibody responses against both S and N proteins. Monitoring antibody dynamics is crucial for optimizing vaccination strategies, particularly for high-risk populations, to help control COVID-19.
Indexed as
Antibodies, ViralCoronavirus Nucleocapsid ProteinsCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesSARS-CoV-2AdultBNT162 VaccineBrazilCohort StudiesFemaleHumansImmunization, SecondaryMaleMiddle AgedPhosphoproteinsSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusAntibodies, ViralBNT162 VaccineCoronavirus Nucleocapsid ProteinsCOVID-19 Vaccinesnucleocapsid phosphoprotein, SARS-CoV-2PhosphoproteinsSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2antibody responseBNT162b2CoronaVachealthcare workersSARS-CoV-2
Identifiers
PMID40430765
PMCPMC12113989
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