Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40430678›Full record

ArticlePolymers2025

Valorization of Polymethylmethacrylate Scrap Reinforced with Nano Carbon Black with Optimized Ratio in Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing.

Nikolaos Michailidis, Nectarios Vidakis, Constantine David, Dimitrios Sagris, Vassilis M Papadakis, Apostolos Argyros, Nikolaos Mountakis, Maria Spyridaki, Markos Petousis

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Polymers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Nikolaos MichailidisPhysical Metallurgy Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-4291-5327
Nectarios VidakisDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece.
Constantine DavidDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, International Hellenic University, Serres Campus, 62124 Serres, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-4515-0259
Dimitrios SagrisDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, International Hellenic University, Serres Campus, 62124 Serres, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-2039-6535
Vassilis M PapadakisDepartment of Industrial Design and Production Engineering, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-3188-4577
Apostolos ArgyrosPhysical Metallurgy Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-7982-7742
Nikolaos MountakisDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-4509-8753
Maria SpyridakiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece.ORCID 0009-0004-0073-284X
Markos PetousisDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-1312-7898

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To promote environmental sustainability, this research investigated the potential of utilizing recycled polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) as raw material in material extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing (AM). To enhance its mechanical response, carbon black (CB) was employed as the filler in nanocomposite formation. Filament extrusion of the mixture at different concentrations produced printable feedstocks for MEX AM. Rheological analysis (viscosity and material flow rate) showed that the CB introduction to the matrix was beneficial for consistent layer deposition, while differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analyses verified the thermal stability of the nanocomposites during processing. Mechanical properties were optimized, with increases in modulus (27.8% and 25.8%, respectively, in tensile and bending loadings) and tensile strength at optimal CB loadings. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed the viscoelastic response of the nanocomposites. Raman and energy dispersive spectroscopy provided element-related insights. Surface morphology and parts structure were observed employing scanning electron microscopy and micro-computed tomography, respectively, revealing a positive impact on the AM parts due to the CB presence in the nanocomposites. The 4 wt.% in CB content nanocomposite was the optimum one. This research pioneers the development of new sustainable nanocomposite filaments and highlights the potential of next-generation MEX-based AM.

Indexed as

additive manufacturingcarbon black (CB)environmental sustainabilitymaterial extrusionmechanical characterizationpolymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)recyclingthree-dimensional (3D) printing

Identifiers

PMID40430678
PMCPMC12114872

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.