Enhanced Cytotoxicity and Receptor Modulation by SMA-WIN 55,212-2 Micelles in Glioblastoma Cells.

Safa Taha, Muna Aljishi, Ameera Sultan, Kannan Sridharan, Sebastien Taurin, Khaled Greish, Moiz Bakhiet

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

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3 · Its place in the literature

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1 citing paper in PubMed.

Nuclear and membrane-bound hormone receptors in glioblastoma: Expression, functionality, and therapeutic implications.Neuro-oncology advances
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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Safa TahaDepartment of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama P.O. Box 26671, Bahrain.ORCID 0000-0002-8276-4535

Muna AljishiDepartment of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama P.O. Box 26671, Bahrain.ORCID 0000-0003-1178-8625

Ameera SultanDepartment of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama P.O. Box 26671, Bahrain.ORCID 0000-0002-6660-3627

Kannan SridharanDepartment of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama P.O. Box 26671, Bahrain.ORCID 0000-0003-3811-6503

Sebastien TaurinDepartment of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama P.O. Box 26671, Bahrain.ORCID 0000-0003-2167-5253

Khaled GreishDepartment of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama P.O. Box 26671, Bahrain.ORCID 0000-0002-0787-7070

Moiz BakhietDepartment of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama P.O. Box 26671, Bahrain.ORCID 0000-0002-5148-8849

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM), a devastating brain malignancy, resists conventional therapies due to molecular heterogeneity and the blood-brain barrier's significant restriction on drug delivery. Cannabinoids like WIN 55,212-2 show promise but are limited by poor solubility and systemic toxicity. To address these challenges, we evaluated styrene-maleic acid (SMA) micellar encapsulation of WIN 55,212-2 (SMA-WIN) against free WIN in epithelial (LN18) and mesenchymal (A172) GBM cell lines, targeting cytotoxicity and receptor modulation (CB1, CB2, TRPV1, PPAR-γ). SMA-WIN exhibited significantly enhanced cytotoxicity, achieving IC50 values of 12.48 µM (LN18) and 16.72 µM (A172) compared to 20.97 µM and 30.9 µM for free WIN, suggesting improved cellular uptake via micellar delivery. In LN18 cells, both formulations upregulated CB1 and CB2, promoting apoptosis. Notably, SMA-WIN uniquely increased PPAR-γ expression by 2.3-fold in A172 cells, revealing a mesenchymal-specific mechanism absent in free WIN, which primarily modulated CB1/CB2. These findings position SMA-WIN as a promising candidate for precision GBM therapy, particularly for resistant mesenchymal subtypes, paving the way for in vivo validation to confirm blood-brain barrier penetration and clinical translation.

Indexed as

BenzoxazinesBrain NeoplasmsGlioblastomaMaleatesMicellesMorpholinesNaphthalenesApoptosisCell Line, TumorHumansPolystyrenesPPAR gammaReceptor, Cannabinoid, CB1Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2(3R)-((2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-((4-morpholinyl)methyl)pyrrolo-(1,2,3-de)-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)(1-naphthalenyl))methanoneBenzoxazinesMaleatesMicellesMorpholinesNaphthalenesPolystyrenesPPAR gammaReceptor, Cannabinoid, CB1Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2styrene-maleic acid polymercannabinoidsdrug deliveryglioblastomamicellesnanomedicinereceptor expression’ PPAR-γWIN 55,212-2

Identifiers

PMID40429688

DOI10.3390/ijms26104544

PMCPMC12111124

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.