Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40428551›Full record

ArticleFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Textural Flow Analysis of United States Commercially Available Baby Foods: Packaging and Delivery Method Comparisons by the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative Framework.

Larson P Drzewicki, Donna R Scarborough, Jeffrey D Messinger, Michael Bailey-Van Kuren, Mickalyn S Clemons, Memorie M Gosa

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Larson P DrzewickiEaton Regional Educational Service Agency, Charlotte, MI 48813, USA.
Donna R ScarboroughDepartment of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0078-041X
Jeffrey D MessingerCollege of Nursing, Fuld Institute for EBP Statistician, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.ORCID 0009-0000-2002-5676
Michael Bailey-Van KurenDepartment of Emerging Technology in Business and Design, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6201-6505
Mickalyn S ClemonsConnect Group LLC, Birmingham, AL 35216, USA.
Memorie M GosaDepartment of Communicative Disorders, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3770-4592

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study evaluated the flow and textural characteristics of commercial baby food in order to increase clinical knowledge to support patients with pediatric dysphagia. Samples from three organic and non-organic brands included four labeled stages and a variety of ingredients. A standardized method for evaluating the characteristics of room-temperature baby foods was utilized in order to compare, across two geographic regions, the brands and the labeled stages. Based on the manufacturing stages, no logical progression in thickness or texture was observed in relation to labeled food stages. Regardless of the stage, our results reveal that 75% of the baby foods samples are categorized as moderately thick liquid or liquidized food. Furthermore, two-thirds of products categorized as "large variability" foods were labeled as Stage 1. Caregivers and clinicians bear the burden for the presentation of safe and appropriate transitional foods during a child's milk-weaning process. Current "staged" guidelines on baby foods do not accurately convey information about the product's textural characteristics (i.e., thickness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, etc.), which can influence the safety and efficiency of oral intake.

Indexed as

commercial baby food labelingfeeding stagesfood consistencypediatric feeding

Identifiers

PMID40428551
PMCPMC12110830

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.