Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40427776›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2025

"When Somebody Comes into This Country and You Are Trans on Top of That Is Like You Got… Two Strikes on You": Intersectional Barriers to PrEP Use Among Latina Transgender Women in the Eastern and Southern United States.

Rodrigo A Aguayo-Romero, Genesis Valera, Erin E Cooney, Andrea L Wirtz, Sari L Reisner

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Rodrigo A Aguayo-RomeroThe Institute for Health Research & Policy at Whitman Walker, Washington, DC 20009, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1217-8466
Genesis ValeraThe Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Erin E CooneyDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9563-1822
Andrea L WirtzDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2063-1534
Sari L ReisnerDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Funding

The impact of HIV viral diversity and cellular immunity on HIV pathogenesisP30AI060354 · NIAID · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI ARTHUR Y KIM · 2004 to 2026
$94.4M
Virology and Molecular Biomarkers CoreP30AI050409 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Ann M Chahroudi, Colleen F Kelley · 2002 to 2026
$74.0M
Vaccine Response and Immunotherapeutics SWGP30AI094189 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Anna Palmer Durbin · 2012 to 2026
$67.0M
University of Miami Developmental Center for AIDS Research (D-CFAR)P30AI073961 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI Savita Pahwa · 2007 to 2026
$33.8M
SWG 2: Cure Research Scientific Working GroupP30AI117970 · NIAID · GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Italo Mocchetti · 2015 to 2026
$29.6M
LITE CONNECT: Addressing testing gaps and epidemiologic disparities of COVID-19 amongtransgender people in the United StatesUH3AI133669 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI REISNER, SARI, WIRTZ, ANDREA L · 2019 to 2022
$6.9M
Intersectional discrimination and linkage to HIV prevention and care in transgender women in EcuadorK01MH134764 · NIMH · WHITMAN-WALKER INSTITUTE, INC. · PI Rodrigo Armando Aguayo Romero · 2023 to 2026
$625k
NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI050409NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI060354NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI073961NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI094189NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI117970NIAID NIH HHS UH3 AI133669NIMH NIH HHS 1K01MH134764-01NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH134764
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the United States (U.S.), Latina transgender women (LTW) are highly burdened by HIV and are prioritized for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). This study explored intersectional barriers and facilitators to PrEP uptake among LTW. Between February-November 2022, in-depth interviews were conducted with 27 LTW in the LITE Study. Participants were purposively sampled from 196 LTW in the cohort based on PrEP uptake (PrEP-naïve n = 8, PrEP-eligible and not user n = 5, current PrEP user n = 6, previous PrEP user n = 8). We conducted content analysis guided by a Modified Social Ecological Model and Intersectionality Framework. The mean age of participants was 32.3 (SD = 12.9). Themes were: (1) Intrapersonal: Medical distrust, acceptability of PrEP modalities, and concerns about long-term health; (2) Interpersonal: Mistreatment in healthcare, discrimination-related healthcare avoidance, difficulty finding trans-competent providers, language barriers, and shame and stigma; and (3) Structural: PrEP in the context of limited access to gender-affirming care and widespread silicone use, immigration status, economic marginalization, lack of community outreach, transphobia and anti-transgender legislative contexts, and xenophobia. This study found multilevel intersectional barriers influence PrEP uptake and persistence. Culturally tailored HIV prevention efforts are needed to address LTW-specific barriers, provide information on programs subsidizing PrEP, and implement policy change to ensure equitable PrEP access.

Indexed as

Hispanic or LatinoHIV InfectionsPatient Acceptance of Health CarePre-Exposure ProphylaxisTransgender PersonsAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedUnited StatesYoung AdultdiscriminationHIVHIV preventionintersectionalitypre-exposure prophylaxisstigmatransgender

Identifiers

PMID40427776
PMCPMC12111083

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.