ArticleAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Association Between Creatinine and Lung Cancer Risk in Men Smokers: A Comparative Analysis with Antioxidant Biomarkers from the KCPS-II Cohort.
Article in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations of bilirubin, albumin, and the ALBI index with gastric cancer risk: a smoking-stratified prospective cohort study in men.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Association of the Naples prognostic score with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in U.S. patients with heart failure: a retrospective cohort study using NHANES 2001-2018.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Husbands' smoking and risk of diabetes in reproductive-aged Chinese women: a nationwide population-based cohort study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- The association between sarcopenia and carotid artery plaque: a mediation analysis of inflammatory biomarkers.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Association between novel indicators for inflammation and metabolism and kidney stones: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2007-2018.BMC urology · 2026Article
- Association of serum uric acid and serum uric acid/creatinine ratio with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in young adults: a retrospective study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Sex-specific in the nonlinear associations of hemoglobin glycation index and all-cause mortality in the general US adult population: results from NHANES 1999-2018.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Article
- Sex-specific differences in the prognostic value of METS-IR for long-term outcomes in patients with MASLD and advanced liver fibrosis: a nationwide study.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Prostate cancer risk and antioxidant biomarkers: the age-dependent reversal of bilirubin's role.BMC urology · 2025Article
- Creatinine-to-albumin ratio and all-cause mortality in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a retrospective study.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Association between De Ritis ratio and mortality in individuals with diabetes or prediabetes: evidence from NHANES (1999-2018).European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- A nomogram for assessing the risk of MAFLD based on the albumin-to-gamma-glutamyl transferase ratio.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Prevalence and prognostic value of elevated urinary albumin excretion in patients with asthma: analysis of NHANES 2001-2018.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- SII and lung cancer in middle-aged and elderly population: the nonlinear connection and the mediating role of ABSI.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Article
- Sex-Specific Associations of Total Bilirubin, ALBI, and PALBI with Lung Cancer Risk: Interactions with Smoking and Alcohol.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Bilirubin, albumin, and uric acid are established endogenous antioxidant biomarkers, whereas the antioxidant role of creatinine has not yet been fully clarified. As a byproduct of creatine metabolism, creatinine may reflect underlying metabolic activity and redox balance, particularly under conditions of oxidative stress such as cigarette smoking. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between serum creatinine and other antioxidant biomarkers and lung cancer risk, stratified by smoking status. We analyzed 83,371 cancer-free men from the Korean Cancer Prevention Study II (KCPS II) cohort. During a mean follow-up of 13.5 years, 533 incident lung cancer cases were identified. Serum creatinine, total bilirubin, albumin, and uric acid were measured. Smoking status classified participants as never-, former, and ever-smokers, with ever-smokers including both current and former smokers. Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), stratified by smoking status. Biomarkers were also analyzed by quartiles and linear trends. A single standard deviation increase in serum creatinine was significantly and inversely associated with lung cancer risk among former smokers (HR: 0.774, 95% CI: 0.620 to 0.967) and ever-smokers (HR: 0.823, 95% CI: 0.716 to 0.945). Total bilirubin also showed significant inverse associations in former smokers (HR: 0.826, 95% CI: 0.705 to 0.967) and ever-smokers (HR: 0.785, 95% CI: 0.708 to 0.870). Albumin was inversely associated only with ever-smokers (HR: 0.878, 95% CI: 0.807 to 0.955), while uric acid showed inverse associations with both former smokers (HR: 0.832, 95% CI: 0.699 to 0.989) and ever-smokers (HR: 0.847, 95% CI: 0.760 to 0.944). None of the biomarkers showed significant associations among never-smokers. Serum creatinine and other endogenous antioxidant biomarkers were inversely associated with lung cancer risk, particularly in individuals with a history of smoking exposure.
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